UE arthrology LOs Flashcards
1
Q
sternoclavicular joint
A
- sellar joint with articular disc
- superior –> inferior
- convex clavicle
- concave manubrium
- anterior –> posterior
- concave clavicle
- convex manubrium
- motions
- protraction: anterior glide of concave clavicle
- retraction: posterior glide
- elevation: superior roll and inferior glide of convex clavicle
- depression: inferior roll and superior glide
2
Q
acromioclavicular joint
A
- plane/gliding motion
- acromion and clavicle: flat?
- motions
- protraction and retraction: A-P glide
- abduction and adduction: acromion rotattion on clavicle
3
Q
glenohumeral joint
A
- like golf ball on tee, ball in socket
- convex humeral head
- concave glenoid fossa
- motions:
- convex on concave – roll and glide opposite (most off the time)
- ER: roll posterior, glide anterior
- IR: roll anterior, glide posterior
- flexion: roll superior, glide inferior
4
Q
scapulothoracic joint
A
- pseudo joint – muscular between scapula and joint
- no direct ligamentous attachments
- motions:
- abduction/protraction: lateral and anterior
- adduction/retraction: medial and posterior
- “rotations:” upward/downward, IR/ER, anterior/posterior tilt
- depression
- elevation
5
Q
labrum
A
- produces concavity of glenoid fossa
- deepens socket 50-75%
- glenoid is shallow socket: faces lateral/anterior/superior, changes with scapular position
- glenoid fossa is 1/4 side of humeral head, pear shaped
- deepens socket 50-75%
6
Q
joint capsule
A
- anterior and posterior capsula tissue continues on neck of humerus
- anterior and inferior cpasule thicker than posterior
7
Q
ligament complex
A
- anterior GH ligaments
- superior GHL, middle GHL
- inferior GHL: pliable redundant ligament complex
8
Q
muscles/dynamic stabilizes
A
- reotator cuff: pull head of humerus into glenoid fossa
- supraspinatus, subscapularis, infraspinatus, teres minor, long head of biceps
- RC <> capsule <> ligaments
- tendons intimate with capsule – interdigitate
- encapsulates humeral head
- tendon”itis”/inflammation rarely isolated to 1 tendon
- muscles/tendons do not function in isolation
- deltoid: largely stabilizing, regardless of humeral position
9
Q
sternoclavicular dislocation
A
- very rare: occurs with direct trauma or blow to clavicle or FOOSH/arm
- much more common to fracture clavicle
- can be anterior or posterior
- posterior type holds higher risk of injury to other structures
- auto/allograft
- posterior type holds higher risk of injury to other structures
10
Q
acromioclavicular sprain/separation
A
- fall on tip of shoulder/acromion
- progressive disruption of ligaments
- AC ligament
- trapezoid
- conoid
- then by displacement
- 1-3 generally managed non-surgically
11
Q
glenohumeral subacromial “impingement”
A
- RTC of LHB repeatedly compressed with bursa
- potential causes
- RTC dysfunction
- scapular position
- acromion shape
- GH mobility deficit or hypermobility
12
Q
elbow joint
A
- modified hinge joint
- humeroulnar and proximal radioulnar and humeroradial
13
Q
humeroulnar joint
A
- hinge: roll and glide same – ulnar on humerus
- concave ulnar (trochlear notch)
- convex humerus (trochlea)
14
Q
proximal radioulnar joint
A
- ovoid joint: opposite roll and glide
- convex radial head
- concave ulna (radial notch)
- motions:
- pronation: radial head rolls anterior, glide posterior
- supination: radial head rolls posterior, glide anterior
15
Q
humeroradial joint
A
- hinge joint: roll and glide same directions for flexion and extension
- convex humerus capitulum
- concave head of radius