LE arthrology LOs Flashcards

1
Q

sacroiliac joint

A
  • planar joint: surfaces glide 4 mm
    • nutation: anterior rotation of sacrum, inferoposterior glide
    • counter nutation: posterior rotation of sacrum, anterosuperior glide
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2
Q

hip/femoroacetabular joint

A
  • synovial, ball and socket
    • convex femoral head
    • concave acetabulum
  • motions
    • flexion: spin with inferior and posterior glide
    • extension: spine with anterior and superior glide
    • ER: anterior glide
    • IR: posterior glide
    • adduction: superior glide
    • abduction: inferior glide
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3
Q

patellofemoral

A
  • planar joint: for flexion and extension
    • patellar slides within trochlear groove of femur
  • motions
    • flexion: inferior glide
    • extension: superior glide
    • some medial and lateral gliding
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4
Q

proximal (superior) tibiofibular joint

A
  • planar
  • motions
    • extension: posterior glide
    • flexion: anterior glide
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5
Q

tibiofemoral joint

A
  • hinge, bi-condylar
  • larger medial femoral condyle
    • tibia ER with full extension – pivots of tibia on femur laterally from 30 to 0
  • concave tibia (menisci)
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6
Q

dynamic/muscular stability of SIJ

A

SIJ

  • transversus abdominis, latissimus dorsi, gluteus maximus
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7
Q

labrum

A
  • closed off by transverse acetabular ligament
  • may provide stability
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8
Q

femoral osseous angles

A

angle of inclincation

angle of torsion

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9
Q

angle of inclination

A
  • implications on joint reaction forces and muscle demand
  • normal angle 125 degrees
  • coxa varus: 115 degrees
    • reduced muscles forces needed
    • increases force across femoral neck
    • leads to genu valgum at knee
  • coxa valga: 140 degrees
    • increased muscle F
    • less F on femoral neck
    • leads to genu varum at knee
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10
Q

angle of torsio

A
  • torsion in femoral shaft relative to head and neck
  • 8-15 degrees is normal
    • angle between axis of femoral condyles and axis of femoral head
  • excessive anteversion – 35 degrees
    • toe in
  • retroversion – 5 degrees
    • toe out
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11
Q

labral tears

A
  • very common
  • 70% of asymptomatic individuals have labral pathologies
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12
Q

meniscal tears

A
  • several types, can do repairs
    • for traumatic lesion in vascular zone
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13
Q

patellar instability

A
  • anatomic facotrs
    • MPFL or retinacular deficiency
    • shallow trochlear groove
    • flat patella/trochlear dysplasia
    • patella alta (high patella)
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14
Q

tibiofibular dislocation

A
  • ligament repair
    • implications in recovery
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15
Q

distal (inferior) tibiofibular joint

A
  • planar, syndesmosis
  • mainly supported by AITFL (anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament) and interosseous membrane
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16
Q

talocrural (ankle mortise) joint

A
  • hinge joint
    • convex talus
    • concave distal tibia
  • open chain motion
    • dorsiflexion: talus glides posterior in mortise, syndesmosis gaps, fibula glides psoterior
    • plantarflexion: talus glides anterior in mortise, syndesmosis closes, fibula glides anterior
  • closed chain motion - maybe
    • dorsiflexion: tib/fib glides anterior
    • plantarflexion: tib/fib glides posterior
17
Q

subtalar (talonavicular and talocalcaneal)

A
  • anterior
    • convex talus on concave calcaneus (mid and ant)
  • posterior
    • concave talus on convex calcaneus (post)
  • 3 planes of motion: inv/ev, pf/df, abd/add
18
Q

transverse tarsal (rearfoot to midfoot)

A
  • talonavicular
    • convex talus on concave navicular bone
  • calcaneocuboid
    • saddle/sellar
  • movements coupled with subtalar joint
    • df/pf
    • add/abd
19
Q

intertarsal joints

A
  • planar
  • provide stability
  • transfer forces
20
Q

tarsometatarsal joint

A
  • planar
  • provide stability
21
Q

metatarsophalangeal

A
  • condyloid
    • convex metatarsal head to concave base of proximal phalanges
  • supported by collateral and plantar ligaments
22
Q

interphalangeal joints

A
  • hinge joints
  • flexion and extension
  • supported by collateral ligaments
23
Q

high ankle sprain

A
  • injury to ATFL and/or syndesmosis (1-11% of ankle sprains)
  • hyperdorsiflexion – snowboarding
  • eversion, rotation, df – collision sports
24
Q

spring ligament rupture

A
  • acute trauma, diabetes
  • loss of medial longitudinal arch
  • inferior migration of talus