pelvis LOs Flashcards
name the bony elements of the pelvic girdle
innominate (2)
sacrum
coccyx
encloses the pelvis
structures that form the boundaries of the pelvic inlet/brim
sacral promontory
arcuate line
pectineal line
pubic symphysis
divides the pelvis into greater/false and lesser/true
structures that form the boundaries of pelvic outlet
coccyx
sacrotuberous ligament
sacrospinous ligament
ischial tuberosities
pubic arch
describe the divisions of the pelvis
false/greater pelvis: above the pelvic brim (ilium, part of sacrum)
true/lesser pelvis: below pelvic brim (sacrum, coccyx, ischium, pubis)
name the joints of the pelvis and the ligaments that cross them
lumbosacral: anterior longitudinal ligament
sacroiliac: anterior sacroiliac ligament, sacrospinous ligament, sacrotuberous ligament
pubic symphysis
male versus female pelvis
subpubic angle: 70 (m), 90-100 (f)
inlet shape: heart (m), oval (f)
outlet: narrow (m), roomy (f)
cavity: narrow (m), roomy (f)
sacrum: narrow/convex (m), wide/flat (f)
describe the basic structure of the pelvic viscera
urinary bladder posterior to pubic symphysis
prostate/uterus
retrouterine/vesical pouch
rectum
describe the structure and course of the ductus (vas) deferens
conveys sperm to ejaculatory duct
deep inguinal ring to prostate
meet with seminal glands to form ejaculatory ducts within the prostate, then to urethra
describe the location of the prostate and bulbourethral glands
prostate: inferior to urinary bladder, superior to urethra and testis
bulbourethral: small (1 cm) round glands in perineal membrane, secretes down into spondy part
name the 4 parts of the male urethra
preprostatic - neck of bladder
prostatic part: through prostate
membranous part: perineal membrane
spongy part
describe the basic structure of the female internal reproductive organs
ovary: female gonads, produce ova discharged from follicles
uterine tubes: direct oocyte from peritoneal cavity to uterine cavity, with infundibulum
uterus: thick-walled muscular organ, fetal development, delivery
vagina: canal for menstrual fluid, inferior part of birth canal, cervical canal -> vaginal vestibule
summarize the arterial supply of the pelvis using a drawing of the branches of the internal iliac artery
summarize the nerves of the pelvis using a drawing of the sacral plexus
describe the location and general function of the perinuem
- location: shallow, narrow compartment inferior tot eh pelvic floor muscles and fascia
- general function: supports openings from the pelvic floor
name the boundaries and contents of the male and female perineum
- boundaries: pubic symphysis, ischiopubic rami, ischial tuberosities, sacrotuberous ligament, sacrum, coccyx
- urogenital and anal triangles
- female: vulva, anus
- mons pubis, labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, vaginal opening, urethral opening
- male: penis, scrotum, anus
summarize the perineum and its muscles using a drawing
describe the nerve supply to the perineum
- posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
- gluteal br: skin over gluteus maximus
- perineal br: skin over posterior perineum
- pudendal nerve
- inferior rectal n: skin over anus, M to external anal sphincter
- perineal n
- muscular br: corpus spongiosum, bulb of vestibule, spngy urethra, M to perineal mm
- psoterior labial/scrotal brr: skin over labia majora/minora, lower vagine, and urethra/scrotum
- dorsal n of clitoris/penis: skin over penis or clitoris, corpus cavernosum
describe the location of the erectile tissues of the male and female
- female:
- glans of clitoris
- vestibular bulb: deep to bulbospongiosus and labia majora
- crus of clitors: deep to ischiocavernosus
- male:
- root/bulb of penis
- crus of penis
describe the ischioanal fossa including contents
- fat pads and loose connective tissue in anal triangle: supports rectum
- contains pudendal canal: internal pudendal a and pudendal n
- can have ischioanal abscesses: infection, collection of pus
- anal sinus inflammation, anal membrane tear (feces), penetrating wound
- posterior communication – horseshoe shape
list the struction comprising the male and female external genitalia
- male: distal urethra, penis, scrotum – proximal, urogenital triangle
- female: vulva
- labia majora/minora
- clitoris
- vaginal opening
describe the internal features of the scrotum
- layers
- skin
- superficial fascia – tinuic dartes
- external spermatic fascia
- cremasteric fascia and cremaster muscle
- internal spermatic fascia
- tunica vaginalis – parietal layer
- tunica vaginalis on testis – visceral layer
- skin
arterial supply of the perineum and major branches
describe the course and branches of the pudendal nerve
- pudendal nerve descends vertically through sciatic foramina around pelvic floor
- pudendial nerve (S2-S4) – inferior rectal nerve, deep and superficial perineal nerves, posterior scrotal/labial nn, dorsal nerve fo penis/clitoris
- for micturition, defecation, parturition, erection, ejaculation
detail the components responsible for male erection and ejaculation
- erection – parasympathetic
- smooth muscles of corpus cavernosa relax
- parasympathetic S2-S4
- cavernous nn extensions of prostatic plexus
- ejaculation – sympathetic
- contraction of internal genital organs
- sympathetic L1-L2
- lumbar splanchnics to hypogastric plexus
