ligaments Flashcards
1
Q
trapezoid (coracoclavicular)
A
- attachments
- coracoid process > trapezoid line of clavicle
- functions
- stabilizes acromioclavicular joint limiting medial displacement, protraction, and elevation
2
Q
sternoclavicular
A
- anterior
- posterior – primary stabilizer
- superior
3
Q
conoid (coracoclavicular)
A
- attachments
- coracoid process > conoid tubercle of clavicle
- function
- stabilizes acromioclavicular joint limiting medial displacement, protraction, and elevation
4
Q
acromioclavicular
A
- attachments:
- superior aspect of acromial end of clavicle > adjacent acromion
- function:
- stabilizes acromioclavicular joint
5
Q
coracoacromial
A
- attachments:
- lateral border of coracoid process > adjacent acromion > clavicular articulation
- function:
- prevents superior displacement of the humeral head by forming the coracoacromial arch
6
Q
coracohumeral
A
- attachments:
- base of coracoid process > anterior aspect greater tubercle
- function:
- reinforces superoanterior aspects of joint capsule
7
Q
costoclavicular
A
- attachments:
- superior aspect of cartilage of first rib > undersurface of the clavicle
- function:
- stabilizes sternoclavicular joint, limiting elevation of the clavicle
- taught with elevation and retraction
8
Q
superior transverse scapular
A
- attachments:
- base of coracoid process > medial edge of the scapular notch
- function:
- closes of suprascpaular notch
9
Q
glenoid capsule
A
- attachments:
- circumference of glenoid cavity > anatomical neck of humerus
- capsular tissue: anterior and posterior continues laterally on humerus into neck of humerus
- anterior and inferior capsule much thicker than posterior
10
Q
superior glenohumeral
A
- attachments:
- upper part of medial margin of glenoid cavity > lesser tubercle and anatomical neck
- function:
- stabilizes against inferior translation of humerus on glenoid with humerus at 0 degrees of abduction
- restraint against inferior translation in adducted position
11
Q
middle glenohumeral
A
- attachments:
- upper part of medial margin of glenoid cavity > lesser tubercle and anatomical neck
- function:
- stabilizes against anterior translation of humerus on glenoid
- primary restraint against ER at 45 degrees of abduction/scaption
- courses along anterior joint from glenoid to humerus in superior to inferior direction
12
Q
inferior glenohumeral
A
- attachments:
- upper part of medial margin of glenoid cavity > lesser tubercle and anatomical neck
- function:
- stabilizes against inferior translation of humerus on glenoid with humerus at 90 degrees of abduction
- main static stabilizer of GH joint with arm at 90 degrees of abduction
- anterior band: primary restraint against ER at 90 degrees abduction
- posterior band: against IR
13
Q
ulnar collateral
A
- attachments:
- medial epicondyle > medial margin of coronoid process and olecraon process
- function:
- resists excessive cubital valgus
- provides stability against valgus stress: importent between 20-130 degrees
- triangular shaped
- 3 components
- anterior band (bundle) – oblique to ulna
- posterior band (bundle) – to olecranon process on ulna
- transverse – (oblique) band (bundle)
14
Q
anterior band UCL
A
- strongest and stiffest elbow collateral ligament
- becomes taught in terminal extension
- stabilizes elbow against valgus stress 20-120 degrees
- secondary restraint at end range flexion beyond 120 degrees
15
Q
posterior band UCL
A
- weakest band (fan shaped)
- taut beyond 55 degrees of elbow flexion
- secondary restraint to velgus stress at lesser degree of flexion
- equal co-restraint with anterior band at terminal flexion (especially in overhead athlete in counteracting valgus stresses)
16
Q
transverse (oblique) band UCL
A
- originates and insertes on ulna
- little role in elbow stability
- deepens socket for trochlea
17
Q
radial collateral
A
- attachments:
- lateral epicondyle > annular ligament
- function:
- resists excessive cubital varus
- fan shaped from lateral epicondyle, blends with anular ligament
- consistent tension throughout arc of flexion
- restraint against varus load at elbow
- primary restraint against posterolateral instability of radial head
18
Q
anular
A
- attachments:
- anterior margin of radial notch > posterior margin of radial notch surrounding head of radius
- function:
- stabilizes proximal radioulnar joint
- provides 80% of articular surface of humeral radial joint
- stabilizes radial head
- maintains relationship of radial head with ulna
- forms proximal radioulnar joint
- permits pronation/supination
19
Q
ligaments of the wrist
A
- intrinsic: interosseous, midcarpal
- not as necessary for us
- extrinsic: radiocarpal, ulnocarpal
- resist flexion/extension, radial/ulnar deviation
20
Q
interosseous membrane of forearm
A
- attachments:
- interosseous border of radius > interosseous border of ulna
21
Q
transverse carpal
A
- attachments:
- pisiform and hook of hamate > scaphoid and trapezium
- function:
- prevents bowstringing of the tendons of flexor pollicis longus, flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor digitorum profundus
22
Q
radiocarpal
A
- attachments:
- dorsal and palmar surface of distal radius > first two rows of carpal bones
- function:
- stabilizes carpal bones on the radius
23
Q
radial collateral ligament of wrist
A
- attachments:
- radial styloid process > scaphoid
- function:
- restrain/limit wrist ulnar deviation
24
Q
ulnar collateral ligament of wrist
A
- attachments:
- ulnar styloid process > triquetrum
- function:
- restrain/limit wrist radial deviation
25
collateral ligements of metacarpophalangeal joints
* attachments:
* head of metacarpals \> base of adjacent proximal phalanx
* function:
* stabilizes metacarpophalangeal joints
26
triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC)
* components
* biconcave fibrocartilage disc
* palmar ulnocarpal ligament
* ulnar collateral ligament
* function
* stabilizes distal radio-ulnar and ulnocarpal joint, form concavity on the ulnar side of the wrist AND transfer compressive force from hand/wrist to the forearm
27
CMC thumb capsule
* separate synovial capsule
* relatively lax
* reinforced
* radial collateral, ulnar collateral, dorsal/volar carpometacarphal ligaments
28
MCP thumb ligaments
* capsule, volare plates, collateral ligametns
* similar to finger MCP joints
* except less motion
* sesamoids extracapsular (if present)
29
MCP 2-5 finger ligaments
* transverse metacarpal ligaments
* deep: connect metacarpal heads
* superficial: connects adjacent volar plates
* collaters
* strong, obliquely oriented
* max tension at 70 degrees flexion
* resist abd/add
* volar plates
* increase contact surface with MC head in extension
* glides proximal/prevents tendon pinching in flexion
30
IP 2-5 ligaments
* collaterals: more longitdunally arranged
* tight throughout range -- max tension 15-25 degrees
* volar plates
* similar to MCP
* no transverse ligaments
* allows more dexterity
31
sacrotuberous
* attachments
* posterior iliac spine and lateral margin of sacrum \> ischial tuberosity
32
sacrospinous
* attachments
* ischial spine \> lateral margin of the sacrum
33
fibrous joint capsule of hip
* attachments
* margin of acetabulum \> neck, intertrochanteric line, and intertrochanteric crest of the femur
34
iliofemoral
* attachments:
* anterior inferior iliac spine \> intertrochanteric line of the femur
* function:
* limits extension of the femur on the acetabulum becomes taught with femoral external rotation
* Y ligament
* can hold body weight balanced over femoral heads
* tightens/limits
* extension, external rotation, internal rotation
35
pubofemoral
* attachments:
* iliopubic eminence and superior pubic ramus \> fibrous capsule
* function:
* limits abduction of the femur, becomes taught with femoral extension and external rotation
* tightens in
* extension
* external rotation
36
ischiofemoral
* attachments:
* ischium posterior to the acetabulum \> greater trochanter and iliofemoral ligament
* function:
* assists the iliofemoral ligament in limiting extension of the femur
* tightens in
* extension
* external rotation
* adduction
37
ligament of the head of the femur (ligamentum teres)
* attachments
* fovea of the femoral head \> acetabular notch
38
transverse acetabular
* attachments:
* interconnects the margins of the acetabular notch
39
fibrous capsule of knee
* attachments:
* margins of femoral condyles \> margins of tibial condyles
40
tibial (medial) collateral
* attachments:
* medial epicondyle of femur \> medial condyle and shaft of tibia deep to sartorius and deep to the pes anserinus
* function:
* stabilizes the medial aspect of the joint (prevents abduction of the tibia)
* resists valgus stress and secondary restraint to IR of tibia on femur
* consists of superficial and deep layers/fibers
* closely applied to joint capsule and medial meniscus
41
fibular (lateral) collateral
* attachments:
* lateral epicondyle of the femur \> anterior lateral aspect of the head of the fibula
* function:
* stabilizes lateral aspect of the joint (prevents adduction of the tibia)
* resists varus stress and secondary restraint to ER of tibia on femur
* condyle to lateral aspect of fibular head
42
anterior cruciate
* attachments:
* medial part of the anterior intercondylar area of the tibia \> posterior part of the medial surface of lateral condyle of the femur
* function:
* prevents posterior displacement of femur on tibia and hyperextension of the knee
* posteromedial lateral femoral condyle in intercondylar notch to anterior tibia medial to anterior attachment of lateral meniscus
* prevents anterior displacement of tibia on femur/posterior displacement femur on tibia
* also plays large role in controlling rotational forces between tibia and femur
43
posterior cruciate
* attachments:
* posterior intercondular area of the tibia \> lateral surface of the medial condyle of the femur
* function:
* prevents anterior displacement of femur on the tibia
* posterolateral medial femoral condyle in intercondylar notch to intercondylar area of posterior tibia
* restricts posterior movement of tibia on femur/anterior movement of femur on tibia
44
medial meniscus
* attachments:
* anterior and posterior regions of intercondylar area of the tibia and fibrous capsule at the tibial collateral ligament
* function:
* distibute compressive forces (absorb shock) and increase contact area at the tibiofemoral joint
* absorb shock, decrease friction, increase contact area
* C shaped, larger than lateral
* attached to MCL and semimembranpsus (through posterior oblique ligament)
45
lateral meniscus
* attachments:
* anterior and posterior regions of the intercondylar area of tibia
* function:
* distribute compressive forces (absorb shock) and increase contact area at the tibiofemoral joint
* O shaped, smaller than medial
46
patellar
* attachments:
* apex of patella \> tibial tuberosity
* function:
* resists knee flexion
* serves as component of extensor mechanism for quadriceps muscles to extend tibia on the femur
47
anterolateral ligament (ALL)
* attachments
* lateral femoral epicondyle \> proximal tibia (posterior to Gerdy's tubercle) -- GT
* function
* stabilizer for internal rotation, support function of ALL
48
medial patellofemoral
* attachments:
* proximal 50% of medial patella \> medial epicondyle of the femur
* function:
* restrains against patellar lateral displacement
49
crural interosseous membrane
* attachments:
* interosseous border of the tibia \> interosseous border of the fibula
50
talocrural fibrous capsule
* attachments:
* border of articular surfaces of tibia and malleoli \> margins of trochlear surface of the talus
51
medial collateral (deltoid)
* attachments:
* medial malleolus \> talus, navicular, sustentaculum tali of calcaneus
* function:
* stabilizes joint
* resists talocrural and subalar eversion
* tibiotalar (anterior and posterior), tibiocalcaneal, tibionavicular
* resists forced eversion of talus, calcaneus, navicular
* eversion forces in WB
52
lateral ligaments
* ATFL -- anterior talofibular ligament
* resists anterior translation and inversion of talus in PF position
* CFL -- calcaneofibular ligament
* resists inversion of calcaneus
* PTFL -- posterior talofibular ligament
* resists inversion of talus
53
posterior talofibular (lateral ligaments of the ankle)
* attachments:
* malleolar fossa of the fibula \> lateral tubercle of the talus
* function:
* restrict talocural inversion
54
calcaneofibular (lateral ligaments of ankle)
* attachments:
* tip of lateral malleolus \> lateral surface of calcaneus
* function:
* resist calcaneal/subtalar inversion
55
anterior talofibular (lateral ligaments of ankle)
* attachments:
* anterior lateral malleolus of fibula \> neck of the talus
* function:
* resist talocrural inversion
* resist anterior translation of the talus
56
long plantar
* attachments:
* plantar surface of calcaneus and cuboid \> plantar surface of the bases of the metatarsals
57
plantar calcaneocuboid (short plantar)
* attachments:
* calcaneus \> plantar surface of the cuboid
* deep to long plantar
58
plantar calcaneonavicular (spring)
* attachments:
* anterior margin of the sustentaculum tali \> plantar surface of the navicular
* function:
* supports the medial longitudinal arch of the foot
