UCSP 4TH Flashcards by ADRIAN CONSOLACION

is an object, word, or action that stands for something else, without natural relationship, that is culturally defined.

Symbol

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on the other hand, is when something represents abstract ideas or concepts; it assigns names, denominations, and defines relations between various elements (actors, actions, goals, means, objects, values, etc.) articulated within a narrative.

Symbolism

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have been used to create movements, spread ideas, and share advocacies that surpasses time and distance.

Symbols and symbolism

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4 types of symbols

Cultural symbols
Social symbols
Political symbols
Economic symbols

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manifestation that signifies ideology of a particular culture that has meaning within that culture

Cultural Symbols

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relating to human societies and its modes of organization (i.e., social classes, social problems, social issues, etc.)

Social symbols

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used to represent a political standpoint; seen in various media and forms such as banners, flag, motto, etc..

Political symbols

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used in production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services like currency, market, labor, demands and other economic activities,

Economic symbols

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are the manifestation of a culture or sub-culture, especially concerning the traditional and customary practices of a particular ethnic or other cultural group.

Cultural Practices

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A ___________ is an iconic representation intended to represent a specific religion, or a specific concept within a given religion.

religious symbol

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belief in “albularyo”, herbal medicines, alternative medicines, and other home remedies.

Traditional Medical Practices

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Obando Festival in Bulacan for fertility, Panaad sa Camiguin

Religious/ Spiritual Practices

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Rice 3 meals a day, Adobo, Sinigang, street foods, Balut, rice cakes, etc. Child- rearing Practices- respectful (used of the words mano, po at opo), obedience to parents and elders, no talking back to elders, removing footwear before entering the house, family mealtime, niriöng/ninang, ate/kuya, punishment
using belt/slipper.

Culinary Practices

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It is a visible, external denotation of one’s social position, indicator of one’s social or economic status

Social Symbols and Practices

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relates to how individuals and groups interact and interpret various cultural symbols. It can be seen in clothing and possessions, societal recognition, material possessions and other recognized symbols used worldwide such as white dove for peace, red heart for love, etc.

Status Symbol

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it is the concentration, consolidation or perpetuation of public office and political power by persons related to one another.

Political Dynasties

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refers to a system of getting an advantage when having or knowing someone powerful from the office that can recommend you. This usually happens within government offices.

Palakasan system

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composed of a set of formal rules, informal norms, or agreed upon understanding that constraint and prescribe political actors’ behavior and interaction with one another.

Institution

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• are those endorsed and supported by a central state, and part of the formal state structure.

State Institutions

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•are defined as the organized way in which power is allocated and decisions are made within society.

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS

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Branches of the Philippine Government

EXECUTIVE -carries out laws
LEGISLATIVE-makes laws
JUDICIAL - evaluates laws

• is comprised of the President and the Vice President who are chosen by direct popular vote and fulfill a term of six years.

EXECUTIVE

• can make laws, alter, and reverse them through the power bestowed in the Philippine Congress.
-Senate-24 Senators
-House of Representatives
-250 members

LEGISLATIVE

• maintains the power to resolve disputes concerning the rights that are legally demandable and enforceable.

Supreme Court of the Philippines
-Regional Trial Courts
-Municipal Trial Courts
-Other specialized courts
-composes a Chief of Justice and 14 Justices

JUDICIAL

• are defined as an enduring organizations, practice, or relationship created by individuals to handle and cope with basic economic dilemmas.

ECONOMIC INSTITUTIONS

transaction between two socially equal parties having the same status with regards to values of goods or services.

RECIPROCITY

is when a person provides goods or services to another person without the expectation of an immediate return. This may be done out of altruism, a sense of justice and karma in the world, compassion, or to maintain a strong sense of self as a good person.

Generalized reciprocity

occurs when two people exchange goods, services, assistance, or favors that are more or less of equal value.

BALANCED RECIPROCITY

occurs when one person gets more out of an exchange than the other. One individual clearly benefits more and the other gives more.

Negative reciprocity

Is the accumulation of goods or labor by a particular person or institution for the purpose of the dispersal at a later date.

Redistribution

NON-STATE INSTITUTIONS 5 types

• Banks • Corporations • Cooperatives • Trade Union/Labor Union • Advocacy Groups • International Groups

The price of the transactions of deliverables and services are supposedly governed by the rules of supply and demand.

Market exchange

• is a financial institution licensed to provide several financial services to different types of customers.

Banks

• Organizations created by a group of people known as "shareholders". • legal person" is a corporation is mandated to enjoy the rights, privileges, and responsibilities of an individual. • it has the right to enter contracts, loans, and borrow money, hire employees

Corporation

• Association of persons united to meet their common economic, social and cultural needs through a jointly owned and democratically controlled enterprise. • Cooperatives exists among different industries and are composed of different types of people, may it be farmers, consumers, or workers.

Cooperatives

• an organization composed of workers or employees from related fields, which aims to represent the interests and rights of its members, both in the workplace and in the society.

Trade Union

• Groups that spread information in support of a cause across borders in an attempt to change international policies and practices.

Advocacy Groups

• refers to institution established by three or more state as voluntary members in order to promote cooperation and coordination among them. • Main feature: composed of national state or government • Examples: ASEAN, European Union, United Nations • Common Agenda: Economic, Humanitarian, Environmental

International Group

➤ is a group of individuals engaged in continuous social interaction, or a large social group sharing the same or special social territory, often governed by the same political authority and same cultural expectations govern.

Society

➤ is the process of learning to behave in a way that is acceptable like the values and customs of our

Socialization

Socialization focuses on the following:

1. Acquisition of Knowledge 2. Language 3. Values 4. Habits 5. Skill in the Society

occurs early in a child's lifestyle and is primarily due to have an impact directly from the family and close friends. Through fundamental socialization a baby learns basic societal norms and customs. Example: Hand or hand as an "honoring-gesture" to the elders.

Primary Socialization

occurs when a person learns on appropriate behavior to be displayed within a smaller group which is still part of a larger society. Example: joining a club or organization in college, getting in employed in an new workplace.

Secondary Socialization

Adolescence is initiated between ages of childhood and adulthood. During this stage, children start to participate in Anticipatory socialization. They also learn about their group culture and what they should expect in the future.

Anticipatory Socialization

This process of socialization occurs during the early years of an individual's life. It develops his skills and attitudes for the future and prepares him for the various roles and responsibilities that he will assume as an adult.

Professional or Developmental Socialization

when an individual move to a new group, he has to learn the new values and beliefs of the new group. This process of re-socialization helps him to get used to the new ways of life.

Re-socialization-

An ____________ is anything that is influential in teaching social norms and rules, to children and/or adults.

agent of socialization

focuses on consumers or the general public as their customers.

Retail banks

focuses on businesses and businessmen as its main clientele.

Commercial banks

provide medium and long-term loans and deposits to business industries.

Investment/ Industrial banks

provides short-term and long-term loans to facilitate agricultural activities.

Agricultural banks