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g11 1st quarter > UCSP > Flashcards

UCSP Flashcards

1
Q

people who share a common characteristic or behavior (such as gender or occupation) but do not necessarily interact or identify with one another.

A
  • Social categories
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2
Q

Is a key or core status that carries primarily weight in person’s interaction. It is a status that has special important for social identity, often shaping a person’s entire life

A
  • Master Status
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3
Q
  • Are beliefs that we have about what is important, both to us and to society as a whole.
A

values

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4
Q
  • Is the process by which we learn the requirements of our surrounding culture and acquire the behavior and values appropriate for this culture
A

Enculturation

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5
Q

social groups to which an individual feels he or she belongs. One feels loyalty and respect for these groups(fraternity).

A

In-Group

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6
Q
  • Are shared rules and expectations guiding behavior in a society or group, maintaining social order, defining cultural values and shaping interactions
A

norms

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7
Q

11 years old and older – theoretical -hypotetical an counterfactual thinking. Abstract logic and reasoning. Strategy and planning become possible. Concepts learned in one context can be applied to another

A
  • Formal operational –
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8
Q
  • Focuses more on the acquisition of cultural traits
A

Enculturation

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9
Q

is the large-scale diffusion of traits and culture that occurs over a long period of time. Alien traits are usually adapted by the less powerful societies because dominant societies have more economic and political power over them

A
  • Acculturation
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10
Q
  • Refers to subgroups whose standards come in conflict with and oppose the conventional standards of the dominant culture.
A
  1. Counter culture
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11
Q

are specific behavioral standards or rules in a society

A

norms

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12
Q
  • It denotes a unique individual with self descriptions drawn from one’s own biography of the individual.
A

identity

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13
Q

accept culturally accepted goals but disregard the institutional means to achieve them.

A

a. Innovators

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14
Q
  • It is the process whereby the cultural heritage is socially transmitted from generation to another.
A

socialization

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15
Q

refers to an objective analysis of one’s own culture – seeing and understanding of one’s beliefs and traditions from his/her own point of view. It also entails not to judge the practices of others based on your own culture; hence, respecting it in their own cultural context.

A
  • Cultural relativism
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16
Q
  • is learned behavior passed on from one generation to another. In understanding cultural evolution, we could associate tools and artifacts that the early humans used.
A
  • Cultural evolution
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17
Q

Violation of physical and aesthetic norm and having physical incapacity

A
  • Physical deviance
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18
Q

Refers to the characteristics that other people attribute to an individual.

A
  • Personal Identity
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19
Q

occurs when an individual relocated and adapt the cultural practices of the new environment. Operating at the microlevel, this has the less impact but could pose societal threats to cultural preservation when done at a macro-level

A
  • Transculturation
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20
Q

can be described as a collection of individuals who have regular contact and frequent interaction, mutual influence, and common feeling of belongingness, and who work together to achieve a common set of goals

A

group

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21
Q

Reject societal goals and the prescribed means to achieve them but try to set up new norms or goals.

A

d. Rebels

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22
Q

is something that stands for, represents, or signifies something else in a particular culture. It can represent, for example, ideas, emotions, values, beliefs, attitudes, or events. A symbol can be anything. It can be a gesture, word, object, or even an event

A
  • Symbols
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23
Q

Idea 1: deviance varies according to cultural norms
Idea 2: people are deviant because they’re labelled as deviant
Idea 3: defining social norms involves social power

A

true

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24
Q

can also be exhibited in the form of an “uncritical exaltation of another culture” in which a culture is ascribed “an unreal, stereotyped, and exotic quality foreign

A

Xenophobia

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25
Q

is generally applied to behavior within civil governments, but politics has been observed in all human group interactions. It consists of social relations involving authority or power, the regulation of political units, and the methods used to formulate and apply social policy.

A
  • Politics
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26
Q

Violation of physical and aesthetic norm and having physical incapacity

A
  • Sexual deviance
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27
Q
  • is the process of developing physical and biological change in a species over a period of time. Natural changes and events forced species to adapt to the environment, while some faced extinction for being unable to do so.
A

Evolution

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28
Q
  • To be or become similar in behavior, form, nature or character
A

Conformity

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29
Q

are central to our understanding and sharing of culture.

A
  • Symbols
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30
Q

0-2 years old – coordination of senses with motor responses sensory curiosity about the world. Language used for demans and cataloguing. Object permanence is developed

A
  • Sensorimotor – 0-2 years old –
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31
Q
  • Culture differ, so that a cultural trait, act or idea has no meaning or function by itself but has a meaning only within a cultural society
A
  1. Cultural relativism
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32
Q

Abandon both the cultural goals and the prescribed means to achieve them.

A

c. Retreatants

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33
Q
  • All ________ belong to the class Mammalia and they share all the common features of Mammals
A

primates

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34
Q
  • A feeling of one’s superiority for one’s culture
A
  1. Ethnocentrism
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35
Q

– is a social position that is voluntarily acquired and reflects a person’s effort and ability. Ex “a student who just graduated from college and acquired a job” - friend, worker, student, team member, classmate, dormitory resident

A
  • Achieved
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36
Q

placed great emphasis on the unconscious in identity development. According to him, human beings have a basic need to express their sexual tension and aggression, and because there are typically not acceptable mechanisms in society, human beings suffer from anxiety that paves way for the development of neuroticism and other psychological fixations

A
  • Sigmund freud
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37
Q
  • Refers to the gap between the material and nonmaterial culture. It can also be the gap between the norm and the backwardness of one to cope up with this
A
  1. Culture Lag
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38
Q

is the organization of the biological, psychological, social, cultural, and moral factors which underlie a person’s behavior. It refers to a more or less enduring organization of forces within the individual associated with a complex of fairly consistent attitudes, values, and modes of perception which account, in part, for the individual’s consistency and behavior (Barrnow 1963).

A
  • Personality
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39
Q
  • Is the process through which we learn the norms, customs, values and roles of the society from birth through death
A

Socialization

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40
Q

can vary across time, cultures and even sub-group

A

norms

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41
Q

– 2-7 years old – symbolic thinking, use of proper syntax and grammar to express concepts. Imagination and intuition are strong, but complex abstract thoughts are still difficult. Conservation is developed

A
  • Preoperational
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42
Q

The cultural characteristics that make up Filipino, including our behaviors and preferences are products of

A
  • Enculturation
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43
Q

refers to a group of individuals that have common features in many aspects. This maybe in terms of their language, culture, mannerisms, actions, ideas, goals, etc.

A
  • Society
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44
Q

is the only source of knowledge in understanding the lifestyle and the developments that occurred in each transitional stage of human evolution.

A
  • Artefactual evidence
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45
Q

Give up cultural goals but follow the prescribed norms.

A

b. Ritualists

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46
Q

It is an element of culture that define how to behave in accordance with what society has defined as good, right, and important, and most members of the society adhere to them.

A
  • Norms
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47
Q
  • The self is something which has a development; it is not there, at birth, but arises in the process of social experience and activity, that is developed in the given individual as a result of his her relations to that process as a whole to other individuals within the society.
A

George Herbert Mead – stage of the self

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48
Q

is the process where an individual or a group learns culture through experience or observation.

A
  • Enculturation
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49
Q

theorized that human beings begin to face moral issues on their own at the preconventional level, during which kids form their sense of right and wrong. As children grow older, they move on to the succeeding stages of moral development. Ultimately, they apply their moral identities – their sense of right or wrong – within society and in their interpersonal relationships.

A
  • Kohlberg
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50
Q

Except for ______, the bodies of primates are covered with dense hair or fur which provides insulation.

A

humans

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51
Q

are overarching principles that determine what is considered good or desirable

A

values

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52
Q

are a group of primates that includes all living and extinct strepsirrhines (lemurs, lorisoids, and adapiforms),as well as the haplorhine tarsiers and their extinct relatives, the omomyiforms, i.e. all primates excluding the simians. Primitive characteristics than those of simians. (Nocturnals), luck of colour visions.

A
  • Prosimians
53
Q

Preference for the cultural practices of other cultures

A
  1. Xenocentrism
54
Q
  • According to_____________human identity development is influenced greatly by cognitive processes, that is, the mechanisms of the brain. He came to understand human behavior upon observing his three children growing up.
A

Jean Piaget,

55
Q

, on the other hand, is the fear of what is perceived as or strange

A
  • Xenophobia
56
Q

is a complex whole that encompasses beliefs, practices, values, attitudes, and everything that a person learns and shares as a member of society.

A
  • Culture
57
Q

Refers to all alterations affecting new traits or trait complexes and changes in a culture’s content and structure

A
  • Cultural Change
58
Q

The personal development of people is dependent on this process.

A
  • Socialization
59
Q
  • It is the tenets or convictions that people hold to be true, which has sprung from our values.
A
  • Belief
60
Q

small or large and they are mostly impersonal and usually short-term and typically found at work and school. Examples: committee organized to plan a holiday party at work or students working on a project. Can be large or small; common interests bind the members together more than their relationship.

A
  • Secondary group
61
Q

also form an ideal culture and a real culture. Ideal culture is what we believe is what our culture should be, while the real implementation of the culture as we know it which is outside of the ideal is the real culture.

A
  • Belief
62
Q

is the lifelong social process where people develop their individual potentials and learn or adapt culture.

A
  • Socialization
63
Q

is an important part of socialization because it enables culture to be shared among members of society

A
  • Enculturation
64
Q

The social activities that shape our perceptions and personalities are products of

A

socialization

65
Q

Domination that results violation and damage

A
  • Elite deviance
66
Q

is how a society organizes decision-making and distributes power and resources.

A
  • Politics
67
Q

is the movement of one idea, belief, or value system from one culture to another. Traits may be adapted by new culture, but meanings and connotations may differ from one society to another

A
  • Diffusion
68
Q
  • Is a belief (right or wrong) about how something should be
A

values

69
Q

Not to judge the practices of others based on your own culture; hence respecting it in their own cultural context.

A
  1. Cultural relativism
70
Q
  • Makes it possible for a society to perpetuate itself from one generation to another. A child is socialized in the ways of his particular society.
A

socialization

71
Q

superficial and public. Change in behavior not personal views

A

a. Compliance

72
Q
  • Is a set of expectations for people who occupy a given social position or status. These expectation define the behavior people view as appropriate and inappropriate for the occupants of the status.
A

roles

73
Q

– children begin role taking in which they mentally assume the perspective of another and respond from that view-point

A

B. The play stage

74
Q

3 causes of social change

A

invention, discovery, diffusion

75
Q

is a place where all members of the group gather and share their resources

A

camp

76
Q

is any complex society characterized by urban development, social stratification, a form of government and symbolic systems of communication such as writing. More advanced.

A
  • A civilization (or civilisation)
77
Q

are norms that are actually defined as being legal or illegal. The government has decided these norms are so important that you could get in trouble for breaking them

A

laws

78
Q

is one of several related conceptual dichotomies in sociology, including macro/micro and society/individual.

A
  • Structure/agency
79
Q

is the view that one’s own cultural elements such as norms, values, ideology, customs, and traditions are dominant and the feeling of superiority to others (brown,2007)

A
  • Ethnocentrism
80
Q
  • Gestures, objects and languages that form the basis of human communication
A

symbol

81
Q
  • items within a society that you can taste, touch or feel. These are what people create from artifacts to features of human cultural activities that are found in each society that share a common culture. It serves as an identifier that represents a specific cultural group
A
  • Material Culture
82
Q
  • Is a psychodynamic theorist who formulated his own theory, which may be considered as an extension of Freud’s
A

Erik Erikson

83
Q

true or false. * There are varied perceptions of and/or reactions to deviant behavior. Deviant behavior may be tolerated, approved or disapproved.

A

true

84
Q

is the way a society is organized around the regulated ways people interrelate and organize social life.

A

society’s social structure

85
Q

7-11 years old – concepts attached to concrete situations. Time, space and quinatity are understood and can be applied, but not as independent concepts.

A
  • Concrete operational –
86
Q

Refers to variation or modification in the patterns of social organizations, behaviors of subgroups, within a society, or the entire society itself.

A
  • Social change
87
Q

nonphysical product of society. The intangibles and the abstract things found in a culture such as values, beliefs, ideals, and norms. The nonmaterial culture can then be shared either through a cognitive process or a normative process.

A
  • Nonmaterial Culture
88
Q

refers to a preference for the foreign. In this sense, it is the exact opposite of ethnocentrism. It is characterized by a strong belief that one’s own products, styles, or ideas are inferior to those which originate elsewhere.

A
  • Xenocentrism
89
Q

Includes all categories of change in the direction of open, participatory, and accountable politics.

A
  • Political change
90
Q

children imitate significant others to learn meaning behind symbols, gestures and language

A

A. The preparatory stage –

91
Q

is socially transmitted through formal and informal education, apprenticeship training or experience.

A

culture

92
Q

have significant contributions in interpreting the social, cultural, political, and economic processes of past periods.

A
  • Artifacts
93
Q

is lauded by many of his contemporaries due to its extensive view of personality and its effort to use environmental and social factors as primary influencers of personality development.

A

Erikson’s theory

94
Q

that proposed that the current human race spurred from a line of primates that evolved through “survival of the fittest,” wherein primitive species competed among each other for survival.

A
  • Charles Darwin’s Theory of Evolution
95
Q

enables the individual to grow and develop into a socially functioning person.

A

socialization

96
Q

is a means of social control by which members are encouraged to conform to the ways of the group by internalizing the group’s norms and values. Self discipline, conformity to expected behavior, compliance to codes of conduct, and obedience to the laws and established values are developed through socialization.

A

socialization

97
Q
  • is part of person’s social identify and defines his/her relationship to others. It also refers to a position within a group of society. By means of a status, people can locate one another in various social structure like in the family, church school, etc.
A

Status

98
Q

these are norms that are widely observed in society and pose heavy moral significance. Ex. Cheating on an entrance exam, faking and plagiarizing important documents, teasing about bombs and explosives in public transport

A
  • Mores
99
Q
  • A feeling of one’s interiority for one’s culture
A
  1. Xenocentrism
100
Q

Refers to all the status that a person can get in a period of time. This happens when a man is a father to his family, a brother to his sister, a Mayor to his town and a golf player to a sports society.

A
  • Status Set
101
Q

are deeply embedded and critical for transmitting and teaching cultural beliefs.

A
  • Values
102
Q

a small social group whose members share close, personal, and enduring relationships. Examples: families, childhood friends, and highly influential social groups. Small; characterized by long-lasting intimate relationship which binds the members together more than the goal.

A
  • Primary group
103
Q

found that cooperation is needed for survival

A
  • Humans
104
Q

a simple collection of people who happened to be together in a particular place but do not significantly interact or identify with one another.

A
  • Social aggregates
105
Q

is the way of life and the heart of any society. Culture shapes the way we see the world

A
  • Culture
106
Q

central component of sociological study and everyday life. It consists of people who interact and share a common culture. It is a concept used to describe the structured social relations and institutions among a large community of people which cannot be reduced to a simple collection or aggregation of individuals.

A
  • The society
107
Q

a conformist must recognize

A
  • Involvement
  • Social or cultural goal
  • Social means
108
Q

is a group of people with a shared environment, cultural beliefs, and ways of living.

A
  • Society
109
Q

Intentional behaviors that significantly depart from the norms of a referent group in an honorable way.” (Spreitzer and Sonenshein, 2004.)

A
  • Positive deviance
110
Q
  • Disruption with an unfamiliar or alien culture
A
  1. Culture Shock
111
Q

A number of roles attached to a single status.

A
  • Role Set
112
Q

refers to the social classification of an individual into a category of one (Rosenberg, 1979)

A
  • Social Identity
113
Q

a collection of individuals who have regular contact and frequent interaction, mutual influence, and common feeling of belongingness, and who work together to achieve a common set of goals.

A
  • Social group
114
Q

these are norms that are observed in casual or routine encounters and are considered less significant. Ex. Wearing t-shirt and jeans to a formal gathering refusing to eat fruits and vegetables submitting an assignment beyond the deadline

A
  • Folkways
115
Q

are negative norms – things that people find offensive and socially inappropriate if you are caught doing them

A
  • Taboos
116
Q

(values or norms) include honesty, respect, responsibility, fairness, and kindness, which guide societal behavior and decision making

A

values

117
Q

starts at when a baby is born and ends upon death. It is strengthened by human interactions, especially those that are significant enough to have an effect on a person’s belief system or behavior.

A

socialization

118
Q
  • The act of changing oneself to fit agreed upon social expectations, established customs and ideals to avoid standing out
A

Conformity

119
Q
  • Mainly focuses on the acquisition of knowledge language, balues, skills, and habits of society
A

Socialization

120
Q

– children are now aware of their position in relationship to the other numerous social positions in societ

A

C. The game stage

121
Q

Culture’s standards of discerning what is good and just in society.

A
  • Values
122
Q

deep and private. Change in behavior and personal views

A

b. Internalization

123
Q

a group to which we compare ourselves that serve as a standard against which behaviors and attitudes are measured.

A
  • Reference group
124
Q

online misbehavior

A
  • Deviance in Cyberspace
125
Q
  • According to________ human development does not end at childhood but at old age. In a person’s lifetime, there is a continuous process of identity development that is characterized by eight particular stages. For every stage, there is a conflict that needs to be resolved. The outcome of such conflict resolution paves the way for the development of personality and identity.
A

Erikson,

126
Q

social and political animals

A
  • Human
127
Q

became a prominent means of survival

A
  • Division of labor
128
Q

is a position that a person received at birth or involuntarily later in life. Ex. “ prince George and princess charlottle of Wales are born into the royal family” - daughter, sister, femal, 17 years old, African American, hispanic

A
  • Ascribed
129
Q
  • Is any behavior that the members of a social group define as violating the established social norms
A

Deviance

g11 1st quarter (6 decks)

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