english 11 Flashcards
speech style which is Most often seen in writing than in speaking
2) FORMAL STYLE
- People have a universal desire to be treated with politeness
Politeness theory
commands or requests
You should stop smoking.
Can you do this for me?
- DIRECTIVES
imposing your cultural beliefs on other people
Extremely negative level
the kind of relationship we have with our parents and caregivers
- Attachments
talking too fast or too slow, mumbling, hunger, headaches, pain, hearing problems, smell of donuts
- Physiological
true or false: Nonverbals appear to hold more credibility than verbal communication
true
negative behaviors caused by prejudice or stereotyping.
- may be interpersonal or collective
-may include verbal insult, avoidance, physical violence, and genocide
- Discrimination
Logos – Ethos – Pathos
A sender sends a message to a receiver - SENDER, MESSAGE, RECEIVER
One way
A. Aristotelian
also called identity scripts, are life rules assigned to us by significant others (i.e., adult family members) ex. “hindi ka pwedeng mag-asawa hangga’t hindi tapos ang mga kapatid mo” “kahit wag ka na mag college, ganun din naamn, mag-ta trabaho ka rin)
- Life Scripts
- _______Is as old as culture
-Communication
- Meaning in communication is _____________ – people give their own meaning to phenomenon using their background knowledge, previous, experiences, principles or attitudes
individually construed
being indirect, avoiding assumptions or impositions
Hesitations (might, maybe, perhaps) apologizing
Giving options asking questions
Negative politeness
acts that perform an action; changes the state or situation of people
I now pronounce you husband and wife.
You’re fired!
- DECLARATIONS
may replace verbal message (one can shrug his shoulder when asked a question)
susbtituting
- Paul Grice introduced the _____________- which states the necessity of communicators to be conversationally cooperative to achieve the function of communication.
“COOPERATIVE PRINCIPLE”
Nico: Mom, did you get my teeth stuff?
Mom: what stuff?
Nico: That thing to remove food between the teeth.
Mom: Yes, I got you the floss.
Nico: The best Mom!
Paraphrasing/ Restructuring
refers to the ability to maintain the focus of the conversation and regulates the current topic. The participants control the things they talk about (and do not talk about) based on understood contexts
- Topic control
the audience is an active constructor of meaning, evaluating content and purpose of the message and the credibility of the speaker.
communication is proactive
can regulate the flow of conversation (ex. Pausing signifies that it’s the other person’s turn to talk)
regulating
- (that thing you do to remove food stuck between your teeth [referring to flossing); It becomes a gas [instead of evaporates]
- CIRCUMLOCUTION
- (Thank you for that wonderful question..; Well..actual…/ haven’t really thought about that yet, But…)
- STALLING
– a non-verbal symbol associated with different meanings including anger, awkwardness o contentment
silence
speech acts (effect)
- PERLOCUTIONARY