UCSP Flashcards
a complex whole which include knowledge, beliefs, arts, morals, laws, customs, and other capabilities and habits acquired by man as member of a society.
Culture
tangible things
Material Culture
intangible things
Non- material Culture
differences in social behaviours that culture exhibit around the world
Cultural Variation
the situation where people are discriminated based on economic status, characteristics, and qualities
Social Differences
any significant alterations over time in behavior patterns and cultural values and norms
Social Change
any political position based on the interests and perspectives of social groups which people identify
Political Identities
- to adapt and integrate
- establish patterns of acceptable social behaviour
- conveys and facilitates meaning
- produce non- made things
- contributes an over all human satisfaction
Significance of Culture
- serves as a representation of our identity
- characterize the totality of a territory
- symbol of political independence
- an avenue for economic inter-dependence
SIGNIFICANCE OF SOCIETY
- consensus and compromise
- society
- power and distribution of resources
- it is an art of government
- public affair
- it is academics
PERCEPTIONS ABOUT POLITICS
abolition of slavery, industrial revolution.
SOCIAL CHANGE
democracy, federalism, political dynasty.
Political Change
texting, food, taboos, immigration
Cultural Change
a branch of knowledge which deals with the scientific study of man. Comes from Greek word “anthropos” which means human, and “Logia” which means study
Anthropology
a systematic study of a state and its government with the men in the community. Comes from Greek word “polis” which means city or state and Latin word “scire” means to know
Political Science
scientific study of patterned, shared human behaviour and human interaction. Comes from Latin word “socios” which means companion or associate and Greek word “Logos” which means speech
Sociology
- describe and analyze the biological evolution
- describe and assess the cultural development
- describe, explain, and analyze the present-day cultural similarities and differences
- describe and explain human biological and diversity
Goals of Anthropology
- be immersed in current affairs
- build an understanding on the politics
- learn how political activities are organized
- provide substantially critical and scientific contribution to government and society
Goals of Political Science
- understand ourselves better
- build better understanding of mankind
- helps with decision making
- provides insights into what is going in
Goals of Sociology
describes a group of ppl eho share a common territory
Society
describes a group of ppl eho share a common territory
Society
represents the beliefs, practices, and artifacts
Culture
- earliest form of society
- small and less that 50 members and is nomadic
- men are responsible for hunting and women for gathering
HUNTING & GATHERING SOCIETIES
- rely on products obtained through domestication and breeding of animals
PASTORAL SOCIETIES
- rely on cultivation of fruits, vegetables, and plants in order to survive
- forces to relocate when the sources of the land are depleted
HORTICULTURAL SOCIETIES
- rely on the use of technology in order to cultivate crops
- productivity increases, and as long as their plenty of foods, people don’t have to move.
AGRICULTURAL SOCIETIES
- they used the advance source of energy to run large machinery which led to industrialization
INDUSTRIAL SOCIETIES
- based on services and technology, not production
- the economy is dependent in tangible goods
POST- INDUSTRIAL SOCIETIES
a kind of non-material cultural that involves ideas, concepts or any products of mental and intellectual functioning of human mind
Cognitive Culture
a kind of non-material culture that involves the expectation, standards, and rules for human behaviour
Normative Culture
- conceptions or ideas of ppl have about what is true around them
- may be based on common sense, folk, wisdom, religion, science, etc.
Beliefs
- describe what is appropriate or inappropriate in a given society or what is ought to be
Values
- verbal and non-verbal
Symbols
- a shared set of spoken and written symbols
- known as “Store House of Culture”
Language
- specific rules and standards to guide appropriate behaviour
- it is the standard behaviour within the society
Norms
a form of norm that is also known as customs that ppl follow everyday for the sake of tradition
Folkways
a form of norm that control moral and ethical behaviour. It is based on the definitions of right and wrong
Mores
a form of norm that the society holds strongly that violating it results in extreme disgust.
Taboos
these are codified ethics,and formally agreed, written down, and enforced by an official law enforcement agency.
Laws
- cultures interact and change
- Culture is adaptive and dynamic, once we recognize problems, culture can adapt again, in a more positive way, to find solutions
DYNAMIC, FLEXIBLE, AND ADAPTIVE
- as we share cultures with others, we are able to act appropriate ways as well as predict how others will act.
- that doesn’t mean culture is homogeneous
- it may be challenged by the presence of other cultures
SHAKED AND MAY BE CHALLENGED
- it is not biological, we do not inherit it but learn as we interact in society
- much of learning culture is unconscious
- we learn, absorb, and acquire culture
LEARNED THROUGH SOCIALIZATION OR ENCULTURATION
- as a normative system, it has the capacity to define and control human behaviours.
- it sets the pattern in terms of what is appropriate or inappropriate in a given setting
PATTERNED SOCIAL INTERACTION
- also known as holism or the various parts of a culture being interconnected or interlinked
- to truly understand a culture, one must learn about all of its parts, not only a few
INTEGRATED AND AT TIMES UNSTABLE
- aw we share culture, we were able to pass it on to the new members
TRANSMITTED THROUGH SOCIALIZATION AND ENCULTURATION
- we need symbols and language to communicate with others in the society
REQUIRES LANGUAGE AND OTHER FORMS OF COMMUNICATION
- the tendency to see and evaluate cultures in terms of one’s race, nation, or culture
- this rests on the belief of the superiority of one’s own culture or ethnic groups compared to others
ETHNOCENTRISM
- people are highly influenced by the culture or many cultures outside the realm of their society
- termed by John D. Fullmer
XENOCENTRISM
the principle that an individual human’s beliefs and activities should be understood by others in terms of that individual’s own culture
Cultural Relativism
