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AP Psych > U8 Retake > Flashcards

U8 Retake Flashcards

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1
Q

epigenetic effect

A

leaves chemical marks on DNA that switch genes abnormally on or off

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2
Q

stability vs change

A

do our early personality traits persist through life or do we become different personas as we age?

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3
Q

rooting reflex

A

when touched on the cheek, a baby will open mouth, turn toward the touch and try to eat

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4
Q

maturation

A

biological growth processes that enable orderly changes in behavior, relatively uninfluenced by experience

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5
Q

motor development

A
  • 6 mo. sitting unsupported
  • 8-9 mo. crawling
  • 12 mo. starting to walk
  • 15 mo. walking independently
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6
Q

sensorimotor stage

A
  • piaget, birth - 2yrs
  • experience the world through senses and actions
  • object permanence and stranger anxiety
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7
Q

preoperational stage

A
  • piaget, 2 - 6/7yrs
  • representing things w/ words and images, also using intuitive rather than logical reasoning
  • pretend play, egocentrism, and theory of mind
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8
Q

concrete operational stage

A
  • piaget, 6/7 - 11yrs
  • thinking logically about concrete events, grasping concrete analogies and performing arithmetical operations
  • conservation and mathematical transformations
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9
Q

formal operational

A
  • piaget, 11/12 - adulthood
  • abstract reasoning
  • abstract logic and potential for mature moral reasoning
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10
Q

zone of proximal development

A

zone between what a kid can and can’t do on their own

  • zone of what a kid can do with help

part of vygotsky’s theory and scaffolding

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11
Q

primary sexual characteristics

A

reproductive system, genitals

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12
Q

secondary sexual characteristics

A

non-reproductive parts like breast, body hair, etc.

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13
Q

preconventional reasoning

A
  • kohlberg
  1. avoids punishment; obedience
  2. gains rewards; self interest
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14
Q

conventional reasoning

A
  1. gains approval, avoids disapproval; conformity
  2. does duty to society, avoids dishonor/guilt; law and order
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15
Q

postconventional

A
  1. human rights
  2. universal human ethics
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16
Q

trust vs. mistrust

A
  • erikson
  • infancy to 1 yr
  • form trusting relationships w/ parents and mistrust w/ others
17
Q

autonomy vs. shame/doubt

A
  • erikson
  • toddlerhood (1-3yrs)
  • learn to exercise their will and do things for themselves, or they doubt their abilities
18
Q

initiative vs. guilt

A
  • erikson
  • preschool (3-6 yrs)
  • learn to initiate and carry out plans, or they feel guilty about their efforts to feel independent
19
Q

competence vs. inferiority

A
  • erikson
  • elementary school (6-puberty)
  • learn the pleasures of applying themselves to tasks, or feel inferior
20
Q

identity vs. role confusion

A
  • erikson
  • adolescence (teen-into 20s)
  • must find self identity while deciphering roles in occupation, politics, and religion
21
Q

intimacy vs. isolation

A
  • erikson
  • young adulthood (20s-early 40s)
  • must develop marriage seeking relationships while combating feelings of isolation
22
Q

generativity vs. stagnation

A
  • erikson
  • middle adulthood (40s-60s)
  • people discover a sense of contributing to the world, usually through family and work, or they feel a lack of purpose
23
Q

integrity vs. despair

A
  • erikson
  • late adulthood (late 60s and up)
  • reflecting on their life: they may feel a sense of satisfaction or failure
24
Q

erotic plasticity

A

sexual availability, levels to which sex drive can be influenced (nature v nurture)

25
Q

mary ainsworth

A
  • strange situation experiment
  • explored attachment between kids and mothers
26
Q

diana baumrind

A
  • parenting style
27
Q

erik erikson

A

each stage of life has it’s own psychosocial task/crisis that needs to be resolved

28
Q

harry harlow

A

experimented with monkeys using different “mothers”

also found different types of attachment and isolation effects

29
Q

carol gilligan

A

criticized kohlberg because his theories were aimed more at men than everyone (left out women)

30
Q

lawrence kohlberg

A

development of different moral stages

31
Q

konrad lorenz

A

imprinting theory

32
Q

jean piaget

A

cognitive development stages

33
Q

lev vygotsky

A

social learning, scaffolding, proximal zone of development

AP Psych (14 decks)

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