U7 Retake Flashcards
Alfred Adler
- introduced concept of “inferiority complex”
- stressed the importance of birth order
Albert Bandura
- reciprocal determinism.
- social-cognitive.
Paul Costa and Robert McCrae
Created Big Five Personality
Abraham Maslow
- Humanistic
- “Hierarchy of Needs”
- “self-actualization”
Gordon Allport
First person to start to describe personality trait theories
Compensation
process of psychologically counterbalancing perceived weakness by emphasizing strengths in other areas
Repression
root of all defense mechanisms
Reaction Formation
psychoanalytic defense mechanism by which the ego unconsciously switches unacceptable impulses into their opposites. Thus, people may express feelings that are the opposite of their anxiety-arousing unconscious feelings.
Projection
psychoanalytic defense mechanism by which people disguise their own threatening impulses by attributing them to others
Sublimation
a defense mechanism in which unacceptable energies are directed into socially admirable outlets, such as art. often uses humor.
TAT - Thematic Apperception Test
A projective test in which people express their inner feelings and interests through the stories they make up about ambiguous scenes
Terror Management Theory
A theory of death-related anxiety; explores people’s emotional and behavioral responses to reminders of their impending death
Self Concept vs. Self Esteem
All thoughts of yourself vs. your self worth
Personality
An individual’s characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting
MMPI - Minesota multiphasic personality inventory
The most widely researched and clinically used of all personality tests. Originally developed to identify emotional disorders (still considered its most appropriate use), this test is now used for many other screening purposes
Conscientiousness
Competence, self discipline, goal driven, organized
Agreeableness
how trusting, good-natured, cooperative, and soft-hearted one is
Neuroticism
degree of emotional instability or stability
Openness
imagination and creativity
willingness to try new things and be open to new experiences
Extroversion
A personality dimension describing someone who is sociable, gregarious, and assertive
Stability of Traits
- Traits stabilize in adulthood
- Conscientiousness increases in 20s
- Agreeableness continues to increase
Reciprocal Determinism
The interacting influences of behavior, internal cognition, and environment shape personality
Positive Psychology
- Seligman
- study of optimal human functioning
- aims to discover and promote strengths/virtues that enable ppl to thrive
Individualism
Giving priority to one’s own goals over group goals and defining one’s indentity in terms of personal attributes rather than groups indentifications
Collectivism
Giving priority to the goals of one’s group (often one’s extended family or work group) and defining one’s identity accordingly
Social Cognitive Perspective
Views behavior as influenced by the interaction between people’s traits (including their thinking) and their social context
