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Physio 201 lecture > U5 lecture 39 > Flashcards

U5 lecture 39 Flashcards

1
Q

what structures make up the external ear

A
  • external auditory canal
  • auricle
  • eardrum
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2
Q

what structures make up the middle ear

A
  • auditory ossicles

- auditory tube

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3
Q

what structures make up the internal ear

A
  • semicircular ducts
  • cochlea
  • saccule
  • utricle
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4
Q

what is the function of the cochlea

A

hearing

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5
Q

what is the function of the saccule

A

gravity and acceleration

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6
Q

what is the function of the semicircular ducts

A

equilibrium and balance

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7
Q

What are the ‘steps’ of hearing

A
  1. sound wave arrives at tympanic membrane
  2. vibration moves auditory ossicles
  3. stapes depressed oval window, generates pressure wave in cochlear ducts (vestibular and tympanic)
  4. pressure wave distorts basilar membrane (different regions by different wavelengths)
  5. vibration of basilar membrane excites overlying hair cells- produces receptor potentials
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8
Q

what does the endolymph contain

A

extracellular fluid high in potassium (K+)

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9
Q

what is paralymph

A

like CSF

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10
Q

what do hair cells do

A

they are common receptors for hearing and balance/equilibrium

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11
Q

what are cilia on hair cells called

A

stereocilia

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12
Q

What does K+ entering from endolymph cause

A

auditory receptor potential

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13
Q

what does sensation of equilibrium/balance and hearing involve

A

activation of hair cells

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14
Q

what happens when mechanically gated channels in stereocilia membrane open

A

cations (K+) enter from endolymph and cause depolarization

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15
Q

what happens when stereocilia is bent

A

it pulls open the gates of ion channels

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16
Q

what happens in auditory transduction

A
  1. vibration of basilar membrane at different places depending on pitch
  2. movement of stereocilia on hair cells
  3. opening of mechanically gated channels
  4. movement of K+ into hair cells cause depolarization
  5. depolarization causes opening of Ca++ channels at base of hair cell
  6. Ca++ triggers exocytosis of neurotransmitter and depolarization of underlying sensory neurons in VIII nerve
17
Q

what decibels are headphones

A

> 110

18
Q

at what decibel can sound damage your hair cells

A

> 110

19
Q

what do the semicircular ducts do and what are the 3 ducts called

A

anterior, posterior, and lateral

and they provide info on ‘X,Y,&Z’ axes

20
Q

the base of each duct is enlarged to form a compartment called

A

ampulla

21
Q

what are complex 3D movements of the head coded by

A

the various patterns of APs that arise from the hair cells

22
Q

where do gravity and acceleration involve patterns of hair cell activation

A

utricle and saccule

Physio 201 lecture (15 decks)

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