U4 Lecture 27 Flashcards
how many neurons does our nervous system contain
85 billion
how many synapses does each neuron have
10 thousand
what is a synapse
contact with other neurons
the brain is never ____
static
what are the functions of the nervous system
- sensory function
- integrative function
- motor function
describe how the sensory function works
information goes to the brain and spinal cord via cranial and spinal nerves
describe how integrative function works
integrates sensory information by analyzing and storing it
describe how motor function works
information from the brain and spinal cord is set out to muscles or glands (effectors)
what type of neurons control sensory function of the nervous system
afferent neurons
what type of neurons control integrative function of the nervous system
interneurons
what type of neurons control the motor function of the nervous system
efferent neurons
what are the two “types” of nervous systems?
central nervous system
peripheral nervous system
what are the 3 “types” of the peripheral nervous system?
enteric nervous system
somatic nervous system
autonomic nervous system
where is central nervous system located
brain and spinal cord
where is the peripheral nervous system located
cranial and spinal nerves
where is the enteric nervous system located
smooth muscle and glands of GI tract
where is the somatic nervous system located
skeletal muscles
where is the autonomic nervous system located
smooth muscle
cardiac muscle
glands
what are the two “divisions” of the autonomic nervous system
sympathetic division and parasympathetic division
what are the neuronal tissue types
- nerve cells
- glial cells
what do nerve cells make up
neurons
what do glial cells make up
neuroglia
what do nerve cells do
they are involved in the generation and interpretation of electrical signals
what do glial cells do
insulate support and nourish neurons
what do neurons do
process information
sense environmental and internal changes
communicate changes to other neurons
command body responses
what do dendrites do
collect information (inputs)
what do axons do
propagate information to output site
what do synapses do
transmit information to other parts of the nervous system
what does the cell body do
process information
the resting potential is ____ across the _____
relatively steady voltage; membrane
graded voltage changes occur in response to what?
sensory stimuli or synaptic inputs
action potentials are what?
transient
what are the functions of the brain
- control center of the human body
- center of intelligence, behavior, memory, and emotion
- coordinates activity of skeletal muscles
- influences activity of visceral organs and glands
what is the brain composed of
85-100 billion neurons and even more neuroglia
how does the brain act as a processing center
interpretation of sensory information is based on path traveled and destination i the brain
what happens to the brain when we learn and develop new skills
-plasticity: anatomical changes in the brain; new synapses form and new pattern of activity develops; also neurogenesis ( new neurons)
what are the 4 major parts of the brain
- cerebrum
- cerebellum
- diencephalon
- brain stem
what are the parts of the diencephalon
- thalamus
- hypothalamus
- epithalamus
what are the major parts of the brains stem
- pons
- medulla oblongata
- midbrain
what are the 2 cerebral hemispheres composed of
right and left
what does the right side of the cerebral hemisphere do
music, face recognition, visual imagery, spatial abilities
what does the left side of the cerebral hemisphere do
language, logic, reason
what are the 5 different types of lobes
- frontal
- parietal
- temporal
- occipital
- insula
what is the function of the frontal lobe
reasoning, planning, part of speech and movement, emotions, problem solving
what is the function of the parietal lobe?
perception of stimuli related to touch, pressure, temperature, pain
what is the function of the temporal lobe
perception and recognition of auditory stimuli and memory
what is the function of the occipital lobe
many aspects of vision
what is the function of the insula
integrates autonomic information, associated to visceral function
2 cerebellar hemispheres and cerebral cortex are composed of what
gray matter- think neurons (the processing center)
arbor vitae is composed of what
white matter- think axons (pathways neurons send their signals)
what are meninges
connective tissue coverings that surround the rain and spinal cord
what are the functions of the meninges
- protect underlying neural tissues
- anchor the brain in cranial cavity and spinal cord in vertebral cavity
what are the 3 layers of the meninges
- dura mater (subdural space)
- arachnoid matter (subarachnoid space)
- pia mater
where is the dura mater located
most superficial layer
outer layer of the dura mater fuses with what
periosteum of skull
inner layer of dura mater folds into parts of cranial cavity to form what
sinus cavity
what are the 3 major dural folds
- falx cerebri
- falx cerebelli
- tentorium cerebelli
