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Physio 201 lecture > U4 Lecture 27 > Flashcards

U4 Lecture 27 Flashcards

1
Q

how many neurons does our nervous system contain

A

85 billion

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2
Q

how many synapses does each neuron have

A

10 thousand

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3
Q

what is a synapse

A

contact with other neurons

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4
Q

the brain is never ____

A

static

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5
Q

what are the functions of the nervous system

A
  • sensory function
  • integrative function
  • motor function
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6
Q

describe how the sensory function works

A

information goes to the brain and spinal cord via cranial and spinal nerves

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7
Q

describe how integrative function works

A

integrates sensory information by analyzing and storing it

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8
Q

describe how motor function works

A

information from the brain and spinal cord is set out to muscles or glands (effectors)

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9
Q

what type of neurons control sensory function of the nervous system

A

afferent neurons

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10
Q

what type of neurons control integrative function of the nervous system

A

interneurons

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11
Q

what type of neurons control the motor function of the nervous system

A

efferent neurons

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12
Q

what are the two “types” of nervous systems?

A

central nervous system

peripheral nervous system

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13
Q

what are the 3 “types” of the peripheral nervous system?

A

enteric nervous system
somatic nervous system
autonomic nervous system

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14
Q

where is central nervous system located

A

brain and spinal cord

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15
Q

where is the peripheral nervous system located

A

cranial and spinal nerves

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16
Q

where is the enteric nervous system located

A

smooth muscle and glands of GI tract

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17
Q

where is the somatic nervous system located

A

skeletal muscles

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18
Q

where is the autonomic nervous system located

A

smooth muscle
cardiac muscle
glands

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19
Q

what are the two “divisions” of the autonomic nervous system

A

sympathetic division and parasympathetic division

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20
Q

what are the neuronal tissue types

A
  • nerve cells

- glial cells

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21
Q

what do nerve cells make up

A

neurons

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22
Q

what do glial cells make up

A

neuroglia

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23
Q

what do nerve cells do

A

they are involved in the generation and interpretation of electrical signals

24
Q

what do glial cells do

A

insulate support and nourish neurons

25
Q

what do neurons do

A

process information
sense environmental and internal changes
communicate changes to other neurons
command body responses

26
Q

what do dendrites do

A

collect information (inputs)

27
Q

what do axons do

A

propagate information to output site

28
Q

what do synapses do

A

transmit information to other parts of the nervous system

29
Q

what does the cell body do

A

process information

30
Q

the resting potential is ____ across the _____

A

relatively steady voltage; membrane

31
Q

graded voltage changes occur in response to what?

A

sensory stimuli or synaptic inputs

32
Q

action potentials are what?

A

transient

33
Q

what are the functions of the brain

A
  • control center of the human body
  • center of intelligence, behavior, memory, and emotion
  • coordinates activity of skeletal muscles
  • influences activity of visceral organs and glands
34
Q

what is the brain composed of

A

85-100 billion neurons and even more neuroglia

35
Q

how does the brain act as a processing center

A

interpretation of sensory information is based on path traveled and destination i the brain

36
Q

what happens to the brain when we learn and develop new skills

A

-plasticity: anatomical changes in the brain; new synapses form and new pattern of activity develops; also neurogenesis ( new neurons)

37
Q

what are the 4 major parts of the brain

A
  1. cerebrum
  2. cerebellum
  3. diencephalon
  4. brain stem
38
Q

what are the parts of the diencephalon

A
  • thalamus
  • hypothalamus
  • epithalamus
39
Q

what are the major parts of the brains stem

A
  • pons
  • medulla oblongata
  • midbrain
40
Q

what are the 2 cerebral hemispheres composed of

A

right and left

41
Q

what does the right side of the cerebral hemisphere do

A

music, face recognition, visual imagery, spatial abilities

42
Q

what does the left side of the cerebral hemisphere do

A

language, logic, reason

43
Q

what are the 5 different types of lobes

A
  • frontal
  • parietal
  • temporal
  • occipital
  • insula
44
Q

what is the function of the frontal lobe

A

reasoning, planning, part of speech and movement, emotions, problem solving

45
Q

what is the function of the parietal lobe?

A

perception of stimuli related to touch, pressure, temperature, pain

46
Q

what is the function of the temporal lobe

A

perception and recognition of auditory stimuli and memory

47
Q

what is the function of the occipital lobe

A

many aspects of vision

48
Q

what is the function of the insula

A

integrates autonomic information, associated to visceral function

49
Q

2 cerebellar hemispheres and cerebral cortex are composed of what

A

gray matter- think neurons (the processing center)

50
Q

arbor vitae is composed of what

A

white matter- think axons (pathways neurons send their signals)

51
Q

what are meninges

A

connective tissue coverings that surround the rain and spinal cord

52
Q

what are the functions of the meninges

A
  • protect underlying neural tissues

- anchor the brain in cranial cavity and spinal cord in vertebral cavity

53
Q

what are the 3 layers of the meninges

A
  • dura mater (subdural space)
  • arachnoid matter (subarachnoid space)
  • pia mater
54
Q

where is the dura mater located

A

most superficial layer

55
Q

outer layer of the dura mater fuses with what

A

periosteum of skull

56
Q

inner layer of dura mater folds into parts of cranial cavity to form what

A

sinus cavity

57
Q

what are the 3 major dural folds

A
  • falx cerebri
  • falx cerebelli
  • tentorium cerebelli

Physio 201 lecture (15 decks)

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