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Physio 201 lecture > U4 Lecture 32 > Flashcards

U4 Lecture 32 Flashcards

1
Q

the ANS operates via??

A

reflex arcs

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2
Q

is the ANS voluntary or involuntary

A

involuntary

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3
Q

what is the ANS controlled by

A

centers in the hypothalamus and brain stem

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4
Q

what is the output from the autonomic system

A

2 efferent neurons exit the CNS

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5
Q

what is the output of the somatic system

A

1 efferent neuron exits the CNS

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6
Q

what is the effector of the autonomic system

A

cardiac muscle, smooth muscle and glands

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7
Q

what is the effectors of the somatic system

A

skeletal muscle

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8
Q

where does the neuron that stimulates the skeletal muscle exit the spinal cord in the somatic nervous system

A

the anterior horn

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9
Q

what happens in the autonomic nervous system

A

one efferent neuron exits spinal cord at the lateral horn and synapses with another efferent neuron in a ganglion (cell bodies in the PNS)

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10
Q

what is the first efferent neuron called that exits the spinal cord in the ANS

A

preganglionic neuron

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11
Q

what is the second efferent neuron called that synapses with the first neuron in the ANS

A

postganglionic neuron

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12
Q

what does the sympathetic division of the ANS do

A

fight or flight

prepares body for stress

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13
Q

what does the parasympathetic division of the ANS do

A

rest and digest

promotes digestion and storage of nutrients

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14
Q

where are most ganglia located

A

near the spinal cord

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15
Q

what is thoracolumbar

A

preganglionic neurons begin in the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord

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16
Q

what is the sympathetic trunk (chain) and what does it do

A

paired ganglia near spinal cord, postganglionic neuron innervates visceral organs in the thoracic cavity

17
Q

what is the prevertebral ganglia (collateral) and what does it do

A

anterior to vertebral bodies, postganglioic neurons innervate abdominopelvic organs

18
Q

what is the adrenal medulla and what does it do

A

acts as a modified sympathetic ganglion , postganglionic neurons are short and release norepinephrine (20%) and epinephrine (80%) into the blood stream

19
Q

what are NE and epinephrine called

A

catecholamines

20
Q

what is the sympathetic trunk made of

A

3 cervical
11 thoracic
4 lumbar
4 sacral

21
Q

what are the prevertebral ganglia made of

A

celiac
superior mesenteric
inferior mesenteric

22
Q

what do the preganglionic neurons do in the SNS

A

preganglionic neurons release acetylcholine which binds to nicotinic cholinergic receptors on postganglionic cell body

23
Q

what do the postganglionic neurons do in the SNS

A

release norepinephrine which binds to adrenergic receptors on effector cell

24
Q

what do preganglionic neurons do in sweat glands

A

they release ACh

25
Q

what do postganglionic neurons do in sweat glands

A

release ACh instead of NE at the effector tissue; ACh binds to muscarinic cholinergic receptors at sweat gland

26
Q

what do the preganglionic neurons do in the adrenal medulla

A

release ACh

27
Q

what do chromatin cells do in the adrenal medulla

A

act as postganglionic neurons and the adrenal medulla acts as a modified ganglion

28
Q

what do chromatin cells release into the blood

A

epinephrine and norepinephrine

29
Q

when is NE a neurotransmitter

A

when it is released from sympathetic nerve endings directly at target tissues (short lived effects )

30
Q

when is NE a hormone

A

when it is released form the adrenal gland into the blood stream (long lasting effects)

31
Q

why is epinephrine a hormone

A

it is released from the adrenal gland into the blood

32
Q

what do adrenergic receptors do

A

bind epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline) at effector tissues

33
Q

where are alpha adrenergic receptors found and what do they do

A

found in smooth muscle of arterioles, bladder; result in constriction when activated

34
Q

where are beta adrenergic receptors found and what do they do

A

they are found in heart, bronchioles, liver; cause an increase in metabolism

35
Q

what is the goal of the SNS

A

fight or flight

to increase mental alertness increase energy availability (glucose) and body ability to handle a stressor

36
Q

what are the specific responses to SNS

A
  • mobilize fuels
  • redistribution of blood flow
  • decrease urinary output and digestive functions
  • increae heart rate and blood pressure
  • increase activity of sweat glands
  • increase diameter of bronchioles
  • dilation of pupils

Physio 201 lecture (15 decks)

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