U4 lecture 28 Flashcards
what are the functional areas of the cerebral cortex
- sensory areas
- motor areas
- association areas
is the cerebral cortex grey matter or white matter
gray matter
what is the location and function of the primary motor area
location-precentral gyrus in frontal lobe
function- voluntary activation of skeletal muscles
what is the location and function of the premotor area/ motor association area
location- anterior to primary motor area in the frontal lobe
function- communicates with primary motor area and thalamus to coordinate complex learned movements
what is the location and function of the primary somatosensory area
location- post central gyrus in parietal lobe
function-receives sensory impulses from sensory receptors responding to touch temperature and proprioception
are sensory and motor inputs and outputs of the cerebral cortex equal for all parts of the body
no
what is homunculus
a made up disease where people have a small body and huge hands
what is the location and function of the primary visual area
location- media portion of occipital lobe
function- nervous signals traveling along the optic nerve provide information about color shape and movement of visual stimuli
what is the location and function of the visual association area
location- occipital lobe, anterior to the primary visual area
function-recieves sensory impulses from the primary visual area for recognition of visual stimuli (visual memory)
what is the location and function of the primary auditory area
location- superior portion of temporal lobe
function- receives impulses arising from the vestibulocochlear nerve which provide information on the basic characteristics of sound
what is the location and function of the auditory association area
location- temporal lobe, inferior and posterior to the primary auditory area; typically found of left temporal lobe only
function- interpretation and recognition of sound; determines if sound is speech, music or noise
what is the location and function of the auditory association area- wrench’s area
location- temporal lobe, posterior to primary auditory area on left lobe
function- interprets the meaning of speech (translates words into thoughts)
what is the location and function of the motor speech area- brooch’s area?
location- frontal lobe- usually left side
function- controls the activity of muscles of the vocal cords to facilitate speech
what is aphasia
an acquired communication disorder that impairs a persons ability to process language but does not affect intelligence
what is the most common cause of aphasia
a stroke
what is broca’s aphasia called
non fluent aphasia
what is wernicke’s aphasia called
fluent aphasia
what are basal nuclei
centers of cell bodies deep in the cortex ( gray matter)
what do basal nuclei do
- help initiate and terminate movements
- suppress unwanted movements
- regulate muscle tone
- control subconscious contractions of skeletal muscles
what is cerebral white matter
myelinated axons that are bound into large tracts
what is the function of white matter
communication between cerebral areas and between cerebral areas and other parts of the brain
what does an association tract do
it contains axons that conduct nerve impulses between gyri in the same hemisphere
what does a commissural tract do
conducts nerve impulses between corresponding gyri from one hemisphere to another
what does a projection tract do
conveys impusles to lower parts of the CNS or visa versa
what are the 3 commissural tracts
corpus callosum
anterior and posterior commissures
what is the corpus callosum
a thick band of axons that connects corresponding areas of the two hemispheres
what does the right side of the brain do
musical and artistical awareness, face recognition, visual imagery, spatial and pattern perception emotional content of language, discrimination of smells, generating mental images of sight, sound, touch, and taste
what does the left side of the brain do
language, logic, reason, numerical and scientific skills, spoken and written language, and ability to use and understand sign language
what is hemispheric lateralization
where each hemisphere specializes in performing certain unique functions
lateralization is less pronounced in which gender?
females
