U4 lecture 28

Question 1

what are the functional areas of the cerebral cortex

Answer 1

• sensory areas
• motor areas
• association areas

Question 2

is the cerebral cortex grey matter or white matter

Answer 2

gray matter

Question 3

what is the location and function of the primary motor area

Answer 3

location-precentral gyrus in frontal lobe

function- voluntary activation of skeletal muscles

Question 4

what is the location and function of the premotor area/ motor association area

Answer 4

location- anterior to primary motor area in the frontal lobe

function- communicates with primary motor area and thalamus to coordinate complex learned movements

Question 5

what is the location and function of the primary somatosensory area

Answer 5

location- post central gyrus in parietal lobe

function-receives sensory impulses from sensory receptors responding to touch temperature and proprioception

Question 6

are sensory and motor inputs and outputs of the cerebral cortex equal for all parts of the body

Answer 6

no

Question 7

what is homunculus

Answer 7

a made up disease where people have a small body and huge hands

Question 8

what is the location and function of the primary visual area

Answer 8

location- media portion of occipital lobe
function- nervous signals traveling along the optic nerve provide information about color shape and movement of visual stimuli

Question 9

what is the location and function of the visual association area

Answer 9

location- occipital lobe, anterior to the primary visual area
function-recieves sensory impulses from the primary visual area for recognition of visual stimuli (visual memory)

Question 10

what is the location and function of the primary auditory area

Answer 10

location- superior portion of temporal lobe
function- receives impulses arising from the vestibulocochlear nerve which provide information on the basic characteristics of sound

Question 11

what is the location and function of the auditory association area

Answer 11

location- temporal lobe, inferior and posterior to the primary auditory area; typically found of left temporal lobe only
function- interpretation and recognition of sound; determines if sound is speech, music or noise

Question 12

what is the location and function of the auditory association area- wrench’s area

Answer 12

location- temporal lobe, posterior to primary auditory area on left lobe
function- interprets the meaning of speech (translates words into thoughts)

Question 13

what is the location and function of the motor speech area- brooch’s area?

Answer 13

location- frontal lobe- usually left side

function- controls the activity of muscles of the vocal cords to facilitate speech

Question 14

what is aphasia

Answer 14

an acquired communication disorder that impairs a persons ability to process language but does not affect intelligence

Question 15

what is the most common cause of aphasia

Answer 15

a stroke

Question 16

what is broca’s aphasia called

Answer 16

non fluent aphasia

Question 17

what is wernicke’s aphasia called

Answer 17

fluent aphasia

Question 18

what are basal nuclei

Answer 18

centers of cell bodies deep in the cortex ( gray matter)

Question 19

what do basal nuclei do

Answer 19

• help initiate and terminate movements
• suppress unwanted movements
• regulate muscle tone
• control subconscious contractions of skeletal muscles

Question 20

what is cerebral white matter

Answer 20

myelinated axons that are bound into large tracts

Question 21

what is the function of white matter

Answer 21

communication between cerebral areas and between cerebral areas and other parts of the brain

Question 22

what does an association tract do

Answer 22

it contains axons that conduct nerve impulses between gyri in the same hemisphere

Question 23

what does a commissural tract do

Answer 23

conducts nerve impulses between corresponding gyri from one hemisphere to another

Question 24

what does a projection tract do

Answer 24

conveys impusles to lower parts of the CNS or visa versa

Question 25

what are the 3 commissural tracts

Answer 25

corpus callosum

anterior and posterior commissures

Question 26

what is the corpus callosum

Answer 26

a thick band of axons that connects corresponding areas of the two hemispheres

Question 27

what does the right side of the brain do

Answer 27

musical and artistical awareness, face recognition, visual imagery, spatial and pattern perception emotional content of language, discrimination of smells, generating mental images of sight, sound, touch, and taste

Question 28

what does the left side of the brain do

Answer 28

language, logic, reason, numerical and scientific skills, spoken and written language, and ability to use and understand sign language

Question 29

what is hemispheric lateralization

Answer 29

where each hemisphere specializes in performing certain unique functions

Question 30

lateralization is less pronounced in which gender?

Answer 30

females