U4 Lecture 29

Question 1

what is a tract

Answer 1

a bundle of axons in the CNS

Question 2

what is a nerve

Answer 2

a bundle of axons in the PNS

Question 3

what does the thalamus do

Answer 3

• relay station for sensory and motor info
• interpretation of touch, temperature, pain, pressure
• forms walls of 3rd ventricle
• organized into 7 groups of nuclei

Question 4

what does the hypothalamus contain

Answer 4

12 nuclei in 4 major regions

Question 5

what are the functions of the hypothalamus

Answer 5

• regulates body temp, eating, and drinking
• main control center for visceral functions
• receives info from cerebrum and from brain stem and spinal cord
• regulates emotions-pleasure, pain, aggression
• regulates diurnal rhythms with help from pineal gland

Question 6

what does the pineal gland secrete and what does it do

Answer 6

secretes melatonin and contributes to setting the biological clock

Question 7

what does the habenular nuclei do and where is it located

Answer 7

emotional responses to odors located in the epithalamus

Question 8

what is the function of the cerebellum

Answer 8

• receives input from proprioceptors in muscles and tendons about movement; sends signals to motor cortex to improve and COORDINATE MOVEMENTS
• receives input from visual and equilibrium receptors and sends input to motor cortex to aid in REGULATION OF POSTURE AND BALANCE

Question 9

what does the pons bridge

Answer 9

the medulla oblongata, cerebellum, and higher brain centers in the cerebral cortex

Question 10

what are pontine nuclei

Answer 10

gray matter centers connecting the cerebral cortex and cerebellum

Question 11

what do the pontine nuclei do

Answer 11

they coordinate voluntary motor output

Question 12

what 2 areas in the pons concerning respiratory control

Answer 12

• apneustic area

- pneumotaxic area

Question 13

what does the apneustic area do

Answer 13

controls depth of breathing

Question 14

what does the pneumotaxic area do

Answer 14

controls rate of breathing

Question 15

what 2 things does the medulla oblongata connect

Answer 15

the brain and the spinal cord

Question 16

what is the function of the medulla oblongata

Answer 16

• axons CROSS OVER from one side to the other of the brain stem
• contains the cardiovascular center-control of heart rate and force, blood pressure
• control of respiratory rhythmicity
• control of vegetative functions: swallowing, coughing sneezing, vomiting

Question 17

what are substantia nigra and where are they located

Answer 17

darkly pigmented nuclei in the midbrain

Question 18

what do neurons in the midbrain do

Answer 18

release dopamine to help control subconscious muscle activities

Question 19

what does the red nucleus do

Answer 19

controls voluntary movements of the limbs

Question 20

where is the limbic system located and what is it

Answer 20

a functional system composed of parts of the cerebral cortex, diencephalon, and midbrain

Question 21

what does the emotional brain do

Answer 21

plays a primary role in promoting a range of emotions including pleasure, pain, docility, affection, fear, and anger

Question 22

what is a function of the limbic system

Answer 22

functions in memory together with parts of the cerebrum

-connects motivation to action

Question 23

what does the cingulate gyrus do and where is it located

Answer 23

located in the limbic system in frontal lobe and plays role in emotion

Question 24

what does the hippocampus do and where is it located

Answer 24

involved in learning and memory in temporal lobe of the limbic system

Question 25

what does the amygdala do and where is it located

Answer 25

the limbic system and it is involved in emotion and memory