U5 LEC: SYSTEMIC MYCOSES Flashcards
Fungal infections of which can overcome the physiological and cellular defences of normal human host
Systemic Mycoses
Infections occurs by?
inhalation of air-borne conidia
Initial infection occur in the?
lungs / pulmonary infection
This is the fungal infection of?
internal organs
Form of Agents of Systemic Mycoses
dimorphic
Agents of Systemic Mycoses
- Blastomyces dermatitidis
- Coccidiodes (immitis, posadasii)
- Histoplasma capsulatum
- Paracoccidiodes brasiliensis
Blastomycosis
Anamorph
Blastomyces dermatitidis
Blastomycosis
Teleomorph
Ajellomyces dermatitidis
Blastomyces dermatitidis causes?
Blastomycosis
Blastomycosis
Lesions
granulomatous and suppurative
Blastomycosis
Most prevalent in?
middle-aged men
Blastomycosis
Symptoms
similar to symptoms of the flu
Clinical Types of Blastomycosis
- Pulmonary
- Cutaneous
- Disseminated
Blastomycosis is also known as?
- Gilchrist Disease
- North American Blastomycosis
- Chicago Disease
Blastomycosis
Diagnosis through Microscopy
KOH / Calcofluor white
Blastomycosis
Serological diagnosis
Enzyme Immunoassays (EIA)
Blastomycosis
Grown at 37C (body temp) for?
broad-based, budding yeast cells
Blastomycosis
Grown at 20-25C (room temp) for?
Mycelial phase
The mycelial phase requires confirmatory identification through?
DNA probe and DNA sequencing
Blastomycosis
Treatment
- Amphotericin B
- Itraconazole
Blastomycosis
Branching hyphae bears?
spherical, ovoid, piriform conidia on slender terminal or lateral conidiophores
Blastomycosis
Microscopic exam
broadly attached buds on thick-walled yeast cells
Blastomycosis
Specimens
- sputum
- pus
- exudates
- urine
Coccidiodes spp.
- C. immitis
- C. posadasii
Most virulent of all human mycotic agents
Coccidiodes spp.
Coccidiodes spp. causes?
Coccidioidomycosis
Coccidioidomycosis
resides in a narrow ecologic niche called?
Lower Sonoran Life Zone
T/F: The Lower Sonoran Life Zone has little rainwater but still have humidity.
True
Coccidioidomycosis
Asymptomatic pulmonary and _______ manifestations
allergic
Coccidioidomycosis
Primary disease usually resolves _________ therapy, confers a strong, _________ to reinfection.
without, specific immunity
Coccidioidomycosis
Clinical Features
- develop influenza like fever
- allergic manfiestations
- <1% develop chronic progression disseminated disease
Coccidioidomycosis
Clinical Features in Skin and CNS
- granuloma
- cold abscess
- osteomyelitis
- synovitis
- meningitis
Coccidioidomycosis
MOT
Inhalation of arthrospores (barrel shaped spores)
Coccidioidomycosis
Once arthrospores are inhaled, it developes into?
spherules that contain endospores
Coccidioidomycosis
Diagnosis
spherules in tissue
Coccidioidomycosis
Microscopic examination
fertile hyphae arising at the right angles to the vegetative hyphae (alternating hyaline arthroconidia)
Coccidioidomycosis
Hyphae form chains of arthrospores which often develop in?
alternate cells of a hypha fragment into individual arthroconidia
T/F: In Coccidioidomycosis, if endospores are liberated, it can turn into spherules.
True
Coccidioidomycosis
Treatment
Amphotericin B, Itraconazole
Other name for Coccidioidomycosis
Valley Fever
This fungi causes Histoplasmosis.
Histoplasma capsulatum
Histoplasmosis
Anamorph
Histoplasma capsulatum
Histoplasmosis
Teleomorph
Ajellomyces capsulatus
Histoplasmosis
Intracellular infection of the?
reticuloendothelial system
Histoplasmosis
Present in?
soil, rotting areas, feces of chickens, bats and other birds (contain high N2 content)
Histoplasmosis
Endemic in?
parts of USA
Histoplasmosis
1st described by?
Samuel Darling
Other names for Histoplasmosis
- Darling’s Disease
- Spelunker’s Disease (bat feces)
Histoplasmosis
Clinical findings
- limited & asymptomatic
- Acute Pulmonary Disease
- Reactivation occurs
- Chronic pulmonary histoplasmosis (patients with COPD)
- Cutaneous and Mucocutaneous
Histoplasmosis
Histology
small oval yeast cells packed within macrophages
Histoplasmosis
Microscopic
hyaline, septate hyphae bearing microconidia and large spherical macroconidia
Histoplasmosis
Treatment
Itraconazole
This fungi causes Paracoccidioidomycosis.
Paracoccidiodes brasiliensis
Paracoccidioidomycosis
Endemic to?
Central and South America
Paracoccidioidomycosis
Geographic areas that have highest incidence
humid, high-rainfall areas, acidic soil conditions
Paracoccidioidomycosis
usually unapparent or?
asymptomatic
Paracoccidioidomycosis
Clinical Findings
- Acute or chronic granulomatous infection
- disseminates to skin, mucosa, lymph nodes & other internal organs
- chronic paracoccidiodomycosis
Paracoccidioidomycosis
Microscopic
large, multiple budding yeast cells
Paracoccidioidomycosis
Treatment
- Itraconazole
- Amphotericin B
- SXT
- Ketoconazole
Systemic mycoses are affiliated with?
Division Ascomycota (Ajellomycetaceae)
T/F: Paracoccidiodes lutzii also causes Paracoccidioidomycosis.
True