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MT6322 MYCOVIRO > U1 LEC: INTRO TO MYCOLOGY (PT 2) > Flashcards

U1 LEC: INTRO TO MYCOLOGY (PT 2) Flashcards

1
Q

Determinants of Pathogenecity

A
  • Thermotolerance
  • Adaptation to a parasitic lifestyle
  • Adhesins
  • Use of enzymes to attach host tissues
  • Dimorphism
  • Evasion of immune response
  • Presence of cell wall molecules that are barriers that resist lysis by phagocytes and antifungal agents
  • Toxin Production
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2
Q

T/F: There are fungal elements that can produce toxin.

A

True

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3
Q

Toxin that is produced by fungi

A

Aflatoxin

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4
Q

Refers to causes of mycotic/fungal infections

A

Mycoses

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5
Q

Practical Classification of Fungi

A
  • Superficial/Cutaneous
  • Subcutaneous
  • Systemic
  • Opportunistic
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6
Q

Fungal Toxicology

A

Mycotoxicoses

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7
Q

Mode of Transmission

A

Ingestion of mycotoxins

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8
Q

Toxins are coming from?

A

Amanita mushroom

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9
Q

Examples of Amanita mushroom

A
  • Amanita muscaria
  • Amanita phalloides
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10
Q

causes Psychoactive effects and Hepatotoxins

A

Amainitin, Phalloidin

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11
Q

This causes Ergotism or St. Anthony’s Fire

A

Ergot Alkaloids

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12
Q

Ergot Alkaloids cause?

A

Ergotism or St. Anthony’s Fire

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13
Q

Ergot Alkaloids are derived from?

A

Claviceps purpurea

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14
Q

Alkaloids include?

A

Ergotamine and Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD)

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15
Q

Effect of Alkaloids

A

Vascular and Neurologic effects

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16
Q

Alkaloids cause to develop?

A

Gangrene, Convulsions

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17
Q

Aflatoxins (coumarin derivatives) are produced by?

A

Aspergillus flavus

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18
Q

This is found if staple commodities are improperly stored, enter the food chain infecting livestock, and infection happens when spoiled grains and peanuts are ingested.

A

Aflatoxin

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19
Q

Aflatoxin B1 can lead to?

A

Hepatic Carcinoma and Liver Damage

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20
Q

This refers to the exaggerated immune response.

A

Hypersensitivity Reaction

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21
Q

This is manifested by asthmatic reaction.

A

Allergies

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22
Q

Asthmatic reactions are mediated by?

A

IgE

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23
Q

Skin test reactions under Allergies

A

Eosinophilia, “wheal and flare” (redness, swelling)

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24
Q

This is due to immediate hypersensitivity response to spores.

A

Allergies

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25
Q

Hypersensitivity reaction is caused by?

A

spore inhalation

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26
Q

Designed to give information in aiding the clinician in selecting the antifungal agent to treat a specific antifungal disease

A

Anti-fungal therapy

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27
Q

Polyene Macrolide Antifungals

Anti-fungal agents

A
  • Amphotericin B
  • Nystatin
28
Q

Polyene Macrolide Antifungals

Source of Ampothericin B

A

Streptomyces nodosus

29
Q

Polyene Macrolide Antifungals

MOA

A

Binds ergosterol to alter selective permeability

30
Q

Polyene Macrolide Antifungals

Usage (Amphotericin B)

A

For deep seated fungal infections
- Candida
- Cryptococcus
- Mucorales

31
Q

Polyene Macrolide Antifungals

Precaution

A

toxic to the kidney

32
Q

Polyene Macrolide Antifungals

Source of Nystatin

A

Streptomyces noursei

33
Q

Polyene Macrolide Antifungals

Usage (Nystatin)

A

Oral or vulvovaginal candidiasis

34
Q

Grisans

Antifungal agent

A

Griseofulvin

35
Q

Grisans

Source

A

Penicillum species

36
Q

Grisans

MOA

A

Inhibits microtubular function

37
Q

Grisans

Usage

A

Oral agent for Dermatophytosis (not responsive azoles)

38
Q

Nucleoside Analogs

Antifungal agent

A

5-Fluoro-cytosine (Flucyotsine)

39
Q

Nucleoside Analogs

MOA

A

Inhibits DNA and RNA synthesis

40
Q

Nucleoside Analogs

Usage

A

Candida and Cryptococcus infections (synergistic with Amphotericin B)

41
Q

Azole Derivatives

Antifungal agents

A
  • Clotrimazole
  • Miconazole
  • Fluconazole
  • Ketoconazole
  • Itraconazole
42
Q

Azole Derivatives

MOA of Clotrimazole and Miconazole

A

Disrupt cell membrane by interfering with synthesis of Ergosterol

43
Q

Azole Derivatives

MOA of Fluconazole

A

Inhibit cytochrome p-450 dependent enzymes

44
Q

Azole Derivatives

Usage of Clotrimazole and Miconazole

A

Dermatophytosis (Mild)

45
Q

Azole Derivatives

Usage of Fluconazole

A

Candida or Cryptococcus infections (Oral or IV)

46
Q

Azole Derivatives

Usage of Ketoconazole

A

Mild Paracoccidiodomycosis (Oral or topical)

47
Q

Azole Derivatives

Usage of Itraconaxole

A
  • Aspergillosis
  • Sporotrichosis
  • Cryptococcosis
  • Onychomycosis
48
Q

Echinocandins

Antifungal agents

A
  • Caspofungin
  • Anidulafungin
49
Q

Echinocandins

MOA

A
  • semisynthetic lipopeptides that target fungal cell wall
  • inhibit glucan synthesis by targeting on 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase
50
Q

Echinocandins

Usage

A

Candida infections

51
Q

Allylamines

Antifungal agents

A
  • Terbinafine
  • Naftifine
  • Selenium sulfide
  • Potassium Iodide
52
Q

Allylamines

MOA

A

interfere cell wall synthesis

53
Q

Allylamines

Usage of Terbinafine and Naftifine

A

skin, nail fungal infections (topical)

54
Q

Allylamines

Usage of Selenium sulfide

A

Tinea versicolor

55
Q

Allylamines

Usage of Potassium Iodide

A

Cutaneuous/lymphatic sporotrichosis

56
Q

Clinically used antifungals

Targeting cell wall/membrane

A
  • Ergosterol Inhibitors
  • B-glucan synthase inhibitors
57
Q

Clinically used antifungals

Ergosterol inhibitors

A
  • Lanosterol 14a-demethylase inhibitors
  • Ergosterol binding
  • Squalene monooxygenase inhibitors
58
Q

Clinically used antifungals

Lanosterol 14a-demethylase inhibitors

A

Azole (Imidazole, Triazole)

59
Q

Clinically used antifungals

Ergosterol binding

A

Polyenes (Amphotericin B, Nystatin, Pimaricin)

60
Q

Clinically used antifungals

Squalene monooxygenase inhibitors

A

Allylamines, Benzylamines, Thiocarbamate

61
Q

Clinically used antifungals

B-glucan synthase inhibitors

A
  • Echinocandins
  • Ibrexafungerp
62
Q

Clinically used antifungals

Intracellular targets

A
  • Pyrimidine analogues/thymidylate synthase inhibitors
  • Mitotic inhibitors
  • Aminoaxyl tRNA synthetase inhibitors
63
Q

Clinically used antifungals

Pyrimidine analogues/thymidylate

A

Flucytosine

64
Q

Clinically used antifungals

Mitotic inhibitors

A

Griseofulvin

65
Q

Clinically used antifungals

Aminoaxyl tRNA synthetase inhibitors

A

Tavaborole

66
Q

Treatments for Mold Allergy

A
  • Decongestants
  • Antihistamine drugs
  • Immunotherapy
  • Home-proofing (filter)

MT6322 MYCOVIRO (10 decks)

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