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MT6322 MYCOVIRO > U3 LEC: CUTANEOUS MYCOSES > Flashcards

U3 LEC: CUTANEOUS MYCOSES Flashcards

1
Q

This refers to fungal infections in the hair, skin, nails

A

Cutaneous Mycoses

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2
Q

Some fungi have this protein that destroys keratin

A

Keratinase

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3
Q

Disease

A

Dermatophytosis

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4
Q

Causative organisms

A

Dermatophytes
- Microsporum
- Trichophyton
- Epidermophyton

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5
Q

This refers to “earth loving” organisms, inhabit soil where they decompose keratinaceous debris

A

Geophilic

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6
Q

Geophilic organisns can come from?

A
  • dead animals
  • free-living soil saprophytes
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7
Q

These organisms are parasitic on animals

A

Zoophilic

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8
Q

These organisms are primarily parasitic to man, for maintenance and dissemination of species.

A

Anthropophilic fungi

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9
Q

Examples of Anthropophilic fungi

A
  • Microsporum audouinii
  • Trichophyton rubrum
  • Trichophyton schoenleinii
  • Trichophyton tonsurans
  • Trichophyton violaceum
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10
Q

Microsporum

A

Macroconidia: rough walled
Microconidia: present

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11
Q

Trichophyton

A

Macroconidia: smooth walled
Microconidia: present

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12
Q

Epidermophyton

A

Macroconidia: smooth walled
Microconidia: none

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13
Q

Conidia present in Epidermophyton

A

Chlamydoconidia

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14
Q

Formation of arthroconidia on the outside of hair shaft, cuticle of hair is destroyed

A

Ectothrix

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15
Q

Positive for Wood’s lamp test

A

Ectothrix (will fluoresce)

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16
Q

Examples of Ectothrix

A
  • Microsporum canis
  • Microsporum gypseum
  • Trichophyton equinum
  • Trichophyton verrucosum
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17
Q

Formation of arthroconidia within hair shaft, cuticle of hair remains intact

A

Endothrix

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18
Q

Negative under Wood’s lamp

A

Endothrix (do not fluoresce)

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19
Q

T/F: All endothrix-producing agents are anthropophilic.

A
  • Trichophyton tonsurans
  • Trichophyton violaceum
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20
Q

This refers to the balding of the scalp, eyebrow and eyelashes.

A

Tinea capitis

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21
Q

Causative agent of Tinea capitis

A
  • Microsporum
  • Trichophyton
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22
Q

Two distinct forms of Tinea capitis

A
  • Gray patch ringworm
  • Black dot ringworm
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23
Q

Tinea capitis

common childhood disease

A

Gray patch ringworm

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24
Q

Tinea capitis

Ectothrix hair involvement

A

Gray patch

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25
Q

Gray patch ringworm

Lesions and color of hair shaft

A

Lesions:
Luster and color of hair shaft: may be lost

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26
Q

Causative agent of Gray patch ringworm

A
  • Microsporum audouinii
  • Microsporum ferrugineum
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27
Q

Tinea capitis

Endothrix hair involvement

A

Black dot ringworm

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28
Q

Black dot ringworm

Site of infection

A

Hair follicle

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29
Q

Black dot ringworm

Hair shafts and color

A

Hair shafts: brittle, infected, breaks off
Color: black dot stubs

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30
Q

Causative agent of Black dot ringworm

A
  • Trichophyton tonsurans
  • Trichophyton violaceum
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31
Q

Tinea capitis

Risk factors

A

Age: toddlers and school-age children
Exposure to other children: close physical contact in schools and child care centers
Exposure to pets: touching or petting the animal

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32
Q

Tinea capitis

Signs and symptoms

A

itchy, scaly, bald patches

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33
Q

Tinea capitis

Treatment

A
  • 2% ketoconazole shampoo
  • 1% or 2.% selenium sulfide shampoo
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34
Q

This is characterized by a scutulum or cup shaped crusts, made up of mass of mycelia & epithelial debris.

A

Tinea favosa

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35
Q

Causative agent of Tinea favosa

A

Trichophyton schoenleinii

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36
Q

Tinea favosa is the ______ scarring form of tinea capitis.

A

chronic

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37
Q

Infection of Tinea favosa happens in the?

A

hair follicle

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38
Q

This is the characterized by rings with scaly centers on non-hairy skin.

A

Tinea corporis

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39
Q

Tinea corporis

Causative agent

A
  • Epidermophyton floccosum
  • Trichophyton
  • Microsporum
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40
Q

Tinea corporis

commonly seen in?

A
  • arms, legs, buttocks, trunk
  • glabrous skin
41
Q

Tinea corporis

Causes

A
  • human to human
  • animal to human
  • object to human
  • soil to human
42
Q

Tinea corporis

Risk factors

A
  • warm cimate
  • share clothing
  • sports with skin contact
  • wearing tight or restrictive clothing
  • weak immune system
43
Q

Tinea corporis

Treatment

A
  • topical therapy (at least 2cm once or twice a day for atleast 2 weeks)
  • topical azoles
44
Q

This is characterized by concentric rings.

A

Tinea imbricata

45
Q

Causative agent of Tinea imbricata

A

Trichophyton concentricum

46
Q

Tinea imbricata

Mainly affects?

A

primitive and isolated environment in developing countries

47
Q

This can be seen in bearded areas of face & neck

A

Tinea barbae

48
Q

Tinea barbae

Exlcusive in?

A

older adolescent and adult males

49
Q
A
50
Q

Tinea barbae

Clinical presentation

A

inflammatory, deep, kerionlike plaques and non inflammatory superficial patches

51
Q

Tinea barbae

resembles?

A

Tinea corporis or bacterial folliculitis

52
Q

Tinea barbae

It may be viewed as an occupational disease among?

A

cattle farmers

53
Q

Tinea barbae

Treatment

A
  • shaving or hair depilation (warm compress to remove crusts and debris)
  • topicals (griseofulvin)
54
Q

This is also known as the jock itch.

A

Tinea cruris

55
Q

Tinea cruris

Infections are mainly seen in?

A

moist groin area

56
Q

Tinea cruris

Causative agents

A
  • Epidermophyton floccosum
  • Trichophyton rubrum
57
Q

Tinea cruris

most common in?

A

men and adolescent boys

58
Q

Tinea cruris

Appearance of rash

A

red, flaky, scaly and itches or burns

59
Q

Tinea cruris

Treatment

A
  • topical terbinafine
  • itraconazole
60
Q

This is also known as the Athlete’s foot

A

Tinea pedis

61
Q

Tinea pedis

Clinical manifestations

A

infected skin scales

62
Q

Tinea pedis

Mode of transmission

A

contact with exposed skin via carpet, shower floors, or other shared walking/standing surfaces

63
Q

Tinea pedis

Disease may progress around the sides of the foot from the sole and is called as?

A

moccasin foot

64
Q

Tinea pedis

Characterizations of lesions

A

minimal scaling, erythema, severly inflamed lesions

65
Q

Tinea pedis

Treatment

A
  • topical (1 to 6 weeks) or oral antifungals
  • imidazole topical cream: once daily for 2 weeks
  • interdigital tinea pedis: Naftifine gel or crea m 2% to soles (likelihood of plantar-surface infection)
66
Q

Infection of the interdigital areas & palmar surfaces

A

Tinea manuum

67
Q

T/F: Tinea manuum can affect one or both hands.

A

True

68
Q

Tinea manuum

Clinical manifestations

A
  • red raised border with ring appearance (animal or soil fungi)
  • dry, peeling, or scaly skin (human fungi)
  • tiny blisters that may ooze a sticky, clear fluid
  • itching or burning
  • skin discoloration (after a long time)
69
Q

Tinea manuum

Risk factors

A
  • touching skin of someone else
  • well-used public shower
  • sweating excessively or having another skin condition
  • regularly touching pets with hands
  • handling livestock or soil
70
Q

Tinea manuum

Treatment

A

topical antifungals (Fluconazole, Itraconazole)

71
Q

This is the invasion of nail plate by dermatophytes

A

Tinea unguium

72
Q

Tinea unguium

Appearance

A

thickened, discolored & brittle

73
Q

Non dermatophyte

A

Onychomycosis

74
Q

Tinea unguium

Risk factors

A
  • diabetees
  • disease of small blood vessels
  • older women
  • wearing of artificial nails
75
Q

Tinea unguium

Treatment

A
  • Oral terbinafine
  • Itraconazole
76
Q

Anthropophilic, does not invade hair in vivo, worldwide distribution

A

Epidermophyton floccosum

77
Q

E. floccosum

Microscopic

A

smooth thin-walled macroconidia in clusters, growing directly from hyphae

78
Q

E. floccosum

Microconidia

A

none but has chlamydoconidia

79
Q

E. floccosum

Culture

A
  • greenish brown or khaki colored
  • suede like surface
  • raised and folded center with flat periphery
  • yellowish brown reverse pigment
80
Q

Zoophilic, invades hair and skin, worldwide distribution

A

Microsporum canis

81
Q

M. canis

Microscopic

A

6-12 cells

82
Q

M. canis

Macroconidia

A
  • thick walled verrucose
  • spindle shaped
  • spiny surfaces
  • curved tip
83
Q

M. canis

Microconidia

A
  • sparse
  • clavate
  • sessile
84
Q

Geophilic, single inflammatory skin or scalp lesion, worldwide distribution

A

Microsporum gypseum

85
Q

M. gypseum

Macroconidia

A

thin walled verrucose
- cigar shaped
- spiny surfaces
- rounded tips

86
Q

M. canis

Microscopic

A
  • symmetrical ellipsoidal
  • distal end slightly rounded, proximal
  • 4 to 6 cells
87
Q

Anthropomorphic, responsible for gray patch tinea capitis

A

Microsporum audouinii

88
Q

Zoophilic, inflammatory skin or scalp lesion, ectothrix, worldwide distribution

A

Trichophyton mentagrophytes

89
Q

T. mentagrophytes

Microconidia

A
  • spherical
  • dense/grape like clusters (en-grappe)
  • globose
90
Q

T. mentagrophytes

Macroconidia

A
  • rare
  • cigar-shaped
  • coiled spiral hyphae
  • smooth thin-walled clavate multiseptate
91
Q

Anthropophilic, ectothrix or endothrix, worldwide distribution

A

Trichophyton rubrum

92
Q

T. rubrum

Microconidia

A
  • clavate/peg/tear shaped
  • sessile
93
Q

T. rubrum

Macroconidia

A
  • pencil shaped
  • cylindrical
94
Q

Anthropophilic, inflammatory or chronic non-inflammatory finely scaling lesions of skin, nails and scalp, worldwide distribution

A

Trichophyton tonsurans

95
Q

T. tonsurans

Microconidia

A

Abundant tear/clun/peg/balloon shaped

96
Q

T. tonsurans

Macroconidia

A

Cylindrical

97
Q

T. tonsurans

Culture

A
  • suede like to powdery
  • flat with raised center or folded, with radial grooves
  • pale buff to yellow
98
Q

Anthropophilic, chronic non-inflammatory Tinea corporis, not invade hair

A

Trichophyton concentricum

MT6322 MYCOVIRO (10 decks)

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