U4AOS1 Flashcards
fitness components total
11 in total
aerobic power
the maximum rate of energy production from the aerobic energy system. energy produced in the presence of oxygen.
factors that affect aerobic power
size of heart
cardiac output
haemoglobin
age
gender
size of heart (aerobic)
an anaerobically trained athlete will have a larger left ventricle and increased stroke volume.
cardiac output (aerobic)
an increased Cardiac Output will improve aerobic power due to increase delivery of blood and therefore 02 and nutrients.
HEART RATE X STROKE VOLUME = CARDIAC OUTPUT
VO2 MAX = CARDIAC OUTPUT X AVO2 DIFFERENCE
haemoglobin (aerobic)
levels will allow for increased oxygen carrying capacity.
age and gender (aerobic)
aerobic power peaks age 30 and may deteriorate due to decreases in max HR, stroke volume and extraction of O2 at the muscle cell.
males have higher levels of aerobic power mostly due to a higher cardiac output
body composition
body composition is defined as the percentage of fat, muscle and bone in the body.
factors that influence body composition
age: as you get older the percentage of body fat will decrease as hormone production slows down.
gender: males typically have a lower body fat percentage than females.
muscular strength
the maximum amount of force that a muscle can exert against some form of resistance in a single effort. It is the peak force that a muscle can develop
factors that influence Muscular Strength
muscle action
fibre arrangements
muscular area
isoinertial
muscle action where the load or resistance against the muscle is constant throughout the motion
concentric
the muscles length decreases
eccentric
the muscle length increases
type 1 muscle fibres
red fibres (slow twitch)
large amounts of myoglobin
low force production
type 2 muscle fibres
white fibres (fast twitch)
high force production
length-tension relationship
muscles at their longest state have the lowest capacity to have the highest level of force production. muscles at their shortest state have the lowest amount of force production.
speed of contraction
peak forces are developed at a slower muscular contraction velocity. at zero velocity the muscle is contracting isometrically and can produce a significant amount of force.
factors that affect the speed of contraction
age and gender
