biomechanic principles

Question 1

linear motion

Answer 1

takes place in a straight line or a curved path. no rotations

Question 2

angular Motion

Answer 2

is rotation occurring when a body moves in a circular path at the same angle, in the same direction at the same time, and occurs around a type of axis.

Question 3

torque

Answer 3

is the tendency of an object to rotate.

torque =force x lever arm

Question 4

lever arm

Answer 4

lever arm is the perpendicular distance between where the force was applied and the center of the object.

Question 5

moment of inertia

Answer 5

is the product of the distribution of the mass of the object and the axis which it rotates.

= mass x radius squared

Question 6

linear momentum

Answer 6

is the measure of the amount of a body of mass and it’s resistance arm to changing that motion.

p = mass x velocity

Question 7

conservation of momentum

Answer 7

whenever two bodies collide the combined momentum of the two bodies is conserved. the total momentum of the system before the collision is equal to the total momentum after the collision.

Question 8

angular momentum

Answer 8

It is the amount of angular motion possessed by the body.
angular momentum will remain constant unless acted on by an external force and is conserved when an object is in flight.

angular momentum = MOI x angular velocity

Question 9

Newton’s First Law of Motion

Answer 9

An object will remain at rest in motion unless acted upon by an unbalanced external force.

Question 10

Newton’s Second Law of Motion

Answer 10

A force applied to an object will produce a change in motion, in the direction of the applied that is directly proportional to the size of the force.

Acceleration = force / mass

Question 11

Newton’s Third Law of Motion

Answer 11

For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction

Question 12

mass

Answer 12

mass is used to describe the quantity of matter in a particular body. measured in kgs.

Question 13

inertia

Answer 13

a term that is used to describe the reluctance of a body to change its state of motion.

Question 14

force

Answer 14

is the effect on one body or object that results from the interaction of a second body or object. force need to be significant enough to overcome the inertia of an object.

= mass x acceleration

Question 15

factors that influence force

Answer 15

friction
air resistance
gravity 9.8m/s

Question 16

impulse

Answer 16

is the amount of force required to change the momentum of an object. can be used to accelerate and increase the momentum of an object.

impulse = force x time

Question 17

summation of forces

Answer 17

body parts move in sequence to produce the desired degree of force.

-strongest and largest muscle groups are activated first. transfer momentum from one body part to another when at maximum velocity.

Question 18

lever classification

Answer 18

first class: axis central to force and resistance
FAR
seconds class resistance central to force and axis FRA
third class: force is central to axis and resistance AFR - built for speed

Question 19

the mechanical advantage

Answer 19

force / resistance arm

the force arm refers to the distance between force and the axis
the resistance arm is the distance between the axis and resistance.

Question 20

biomechanics

Answer 20

is the study of mechanical principles that govern human movement, enhance sporting techniques aiming to optimize the technique.

Question 21

kinetics

Answer 21

is the study of forces that cause motion

Question 22

kinematic

Answer 22

is the description of motion

Question 23

linear displacement

Answer 23

is the difference between the initial position and the final position of an object

Question 24

linear distance

Answer 24

the total mount ground covered by an object when in motion.

Question 25

speed

Answer 25

the average time taken to complete the event

speed = distance / time

Question 26

velocity

Answer 26

displacement / time

Question 27

accleration

Answer 27

refers to the rate of velocity of positive change experienced by an object overtime.

Question 28

positive acceleration

Answer 28

refers to the velocity increasing over the period of time that the object is measured for.

Question 29

equilibrium

Answer 29

refers to a state in which there is a balance of force or influence in opposition to each other

Question 30

static equilibrium

Answer 30

is the state in which a body has zero velocity and zero acceleration.

Question 31

dynamic equilibrium

Answer 31

is the state in which a body is in motion with a constant velocity

Question 32

balance

Answer 32

a persons ability to control their equilibrium

Question 33

stability

Answer 33

ability to return to a desired position or trajectory following a disturbance in equilibrium

Question 34

centre of gravity

Answer 34

is the central point of an object, about which all of it’s weight is evenly distributed and balance

Question 35

line of gravity

Answer 35

an imaginary time which passes throughout the center of gravity and continues down into the center of an object’s base support.

Question 36

base of support

Answer 36

refers to the area of an object that is in contact with the surface supporting it.

Question 37

how increase stability and balance

Answer 37

lower the objects centre of gravity
increase the size of base of support.