practice Flashcards
cognitive stage
characterised as the beginner stage
-their attention will on movement production and performance will be inconsistent
-hasn’t developed error correction
-will show rapid improvement
associative stage of learning
-beginner is beginning to refine their movement and technique
-More consistent and fewer error made
-Improvement is slower and gradual
autonomous stage of learning
-Skill become largely automatic and performed without consciously thinking about it
-Attention can be focused elsewhere on external cues and opponents
-Performer has developed anticipation, detected own errors and corrects them.
principle of diminishing return
early improvement is rapid as the athlete progresses the rate of improvement reduces.
practice distribution
massed practice sessions
distributed practice sessions
massed practice
-longer continuous sessions but less frequent
pros are it maximises practice time, suits more elite athletes
cons are it is physically and mentally fatiguing
repetitive and boring
distributed practice sessions
shorter sessions interval but more frequent
pros are its greater leaner engagement; recovery period allows for memory consolidation.
cons are time consuming, less suited to discrete skills.
practice variability
blocked and random practice
blocked practice
involves practising the skill continuously
appropriate for cognitive stage for this being performed in a closed environment.
random practice
involves varied sequencing of different motor skills in the same session
most beneficial for athlete in the associative stage and autonomous stage.
feedback
-Is any form of information a learner receives about their skill performance
-Usually from a variety of sources
-acts as a motivator
-Highlights skills errors
-Provides positive reinforcement
sources of feedback
intrinsic feedback and augmented feedback
intrinsic feedback
-information that the performer receives directly from their sensory systems.
-this type of feedback is visual, proprioceptive and cutaneous.
eg: skin, pain, pressure
augmented feedback
-information about the skills performance that comes from an external source.
feedback directly from a coach
video analysis
types of feedback
knowledge of performance
knowledge of results
