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Psychology > U4 AOS3 > Flashcards

U4 AOS3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Process of experimenting

A 
Research question
Identify population
Scientific merit
Aim
Prediction
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2
Q

Aim

A

Purpose of the study (to test the affect of A and B)

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3
Q

Hypothesis

A

Testable prediction that identifies the population, identifies experimental conditions (IV) and outcome (DV)

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4
Q

Representative sample

A

Spot on sample

  • adequate size
  • bias and error free
  • takes into account characteristics
  • proportionate to sample
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5
Q

Population

A

Group of interest from which sample is drawn

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6
Q

Sample

A

Subset of population used as participants in research

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7
Q

Control group

A

Used as basis of comparison not exposed to IV

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8
Q

Experimental Group

A

Exposed to IV to demonstrate its effects

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9
Q

IV

A

Manipulated by experimenter

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10
Q

DV

A

Measured to test effects of IV

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11
Q

EV

A

Has an unwanted effect on the results and hence alters DV

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12
Q

Confounding Variable

A

Variable other than IV that has a systematic effect on DV and leads to no conclusions

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13
Q

Operationalising

A

Putting IV and DV in terms of how the variables are measured and manipulated (more details)

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14
Q

Experiment

A

Measure a cause and effect relationship between two variables

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15
Q

Objective v Subjective

A

Can be directing observed or measured
Vs
Relies on the personal experience or self report

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16
Q

Primary vs Secondary Data

A

Sourced for the purpose of addressing the research question
Vs
Sourced through someone else’s research, indicates trends and patterns

17
Q

Qualitative vs quantitative data

A

Descriptions, opinions, arguments, comments
Vs
Easily measured, numerical, categorical

18
Q

Descriptive Statistics

A

Mathematical calculations that describe, organise, and summarise the data (mean median mode)

19
Q

Range and Standard Deviation

A

Difference between highest and lowest score in a distribution

Measures of the spread around the mean

20
Q

Inferential Statistics

A

Mathematical calculations that makes inferences from the data, judgments and conclusions

21
Q

Single blind vs double blind procedures

A

Participants unaware whether they are in control or exp group
Vs
Both experimenter and participants unaware of in control or experimental

22
Q

Validity vs Reliability

A

Extent to which an experiment measures what it is designed to measure
Vs
extent to which a experiment produces consistent results under similar conditions

23
Q

Conclusion

A

A statement that discusses the results of the experiment
Addresses aim/hypothesis
Fine to say no conclusions
Can only be made if statistics is authentic
Statistics must be significant and free from CVs

24
Q

Generalisation

A

Relates findings to wider population

25
Q

Sampling methods

A

Convenience
Random
Stratified sampling

26
Q

Convenience Sampling

A

Sample is selected in the quickest and easiest possible way

  • Adv: very quick and easy
  • Dis: Not representative
27
Q

Random Sampling

A

Every member of the population of interest has an equal chance of being selected in the sample

  • Adv: Free from bias, quick and easy
  • Dis: May not be representative
28
Q

Stratified Sampling

A

Break the population into groups based on certain characteristics and select participants from each group in the same proportion they appear in the population

  • Adv: More representative of population
  • Dis: Time consuming
29
Q

Research Designs

A 
Random Allocation/ Independent Groups Design
Matched Participants Design
Repeated Measures Design
Cross Sectional Study
Longitudinal Study
30
Q

Random Allocation or Repeated Measures Design

A

When every member of the sample has an equal chance of being in either the control or experimental group

  • Adv: cost and time efficient
  • Dis: may have individual participant differences
31
Q

Matched participants design

A

Each member of the sample is paired based on a particular characteristic, then randomly allocated to either experimental or control group

  • Adv: Few individual differences
  • Dis: Time consuming and pre test involved
32
Q

Repeated Measures Design

A

Each member of the sample is involved in both control and experimental group

  • Adv: Few individual participant differences
  • Dis: Order effects
33
Q

Cross Sectional vs Longitudinal Studies

A

Collects data at one point in time
Vs
Collect data from the individual over long periods of time

34
Q

Order effect

A

An EV when the sequence of two conditions impacts on the DV

35
Q

Counterbalancing

A

Half the participants are exposed to the control then experimental, and the other half is exposed to the experimental then control
- eliminates order effects

36
Q

Investigation Types

A

Case Studies- single person or event without comparison group
Observational Studies
Self Report, questionnaires, surveys

37
Q

Ethics

A

Role of experimenter: no physical or psychological harm, must be worthwhile

Rights of participants: voluntary participation, informed consent, debriefing, deception, withdrawal rights, confidentiality

Psychology (7 decks)

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