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Psychology > U4 AOS 1 (Consciousness) > Flashcards

U4 AOS 1 (Consciousness) Flashcards

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1
Q

Consciousness

A

The awareness of our own thoughts, feelings and perceptions (internal events) and our surroundings (external stimuli) at any given moment

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2
Q

Psychological Construct

A

We know that consciousness exists but it can not be directly observed

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3
Q

The conscious experience is continuous, selective, personal and changing

A

Continuous: never empty, ideas flow freely from one to another
Selective: can choose to focus or ignore things
Personal: relies on own thoughts, feelings and perceptions
Changing: rarely travels along one line of thought

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4
Q

Continuum of Awareness

A 
TOTAL AWARENESS (ASC)
Focused attention (Nwc)
Ordinary wakefulness (Nwc)
Divided attention (Nwc)
Daydreaming (ASC)
Meditation (ASC)
Hypnosis (ASC)
Sleep (ASC)
Anaesthetised (ASC)
Coma (ASC)
TOTAL LACK OF AWARENESS (ASC)
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5
Q

Normal Waking Consciousness

A

State of consciousness when we are awake and aware of our thoughts, feelings, memories and sensations we are experiencing from the outside world

  • focus attention, ordinary awareness, divided attention, control processes, automatic processes
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6
Q

Altered State of Consciousness

A

Distinctly different change in the quality and pattern of mental activity from the normal, including thoughts and feelings

  • naturally occurring: occur in the normal course of everyday life without need of aid (sleep, daydreaming, coma)
  • induced: intentionally achieved through the use of an aid. Can be physiologically induced (drugs) or psychologically induced (meditation, alcohol, hypnosis, anaesthetised, coma, sleep)
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7
Q

Frequency

A

How often an electrical impulse is detected

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8
Q

Amplitude

A

Intensity of electrical impulse

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9
Q

Measurements of physiological responses that indicate ASC

A

DARE- detect, amplify and record electrical activity
EEG- dare of brain
EOG- dare of muscles that control eye movement
EMG: dare of skeletal muscles

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10
Q

EEG

A
  • dare of brain in the form of brain wave
  • external electrodes attached to surface of scalp
  • electrodes measure combined electrical output of neurons firing in cortex below scalp
  • beta > alpha > theta > delta
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11
Q

EMG

A
  • indicates change in muscle activity (movement) and muscle tone (tension)
  • electrodes attached to skin above muscles being measured
  • often placed under chin when monitoring sleep as jaw muscle activity changes dramatically in sleep
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12
Q

EOG

A
  • Electrodes placed on skin near each eye

- primarily used to differentiate between REM and nREM

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13
Q

Speed and Accuracy on Cognitive Tasks

A
  • measure ability to use controlled processing over automatic processing
  • cognitive tasks try to be as objective as possible, allows for consistent and standardised tests
  • speed: time elapsed between stimulus and response
  • accuracy: number of correct/incorrect responses
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14
Q

Sleep diaries

A
  • rely on a self report method
  • Questionnaires on sleep problems, recording time asleep, waking individual and asking about quality of sleep
  • provide useful thoughts and feelings that aren’t measured in EEG/EMG/EOG
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15
Q

Video Monitoring

A
  • infrared light is used so participant is not disturbed

- often used to measure sleep behaviours (sleepwalking)

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16
Q

Characteristics of NWC and ASC

A 
Level of Awareness
Content Limitations
Controlled and Automatic Processes
Perceptual and Cognitive Distortions
Emotional Awareness
Self Control
Time Orientation
17
Q

Level of awareness

A

Def: awareness of internal and external events

NWC: awake, aware of place time, reality, internal and external events

ASC: increased or decreased from norms, mostly lowered

18
Q

Content limitations

A

Def: amount of control possessed to limit what is attended to

NWC: more constrained and controlled. Can selectively process what’s in consciousness

ASC: more or less than NWC, usually less constrained and controlled, fewer limitations on content, reduced ability to process information

19
Q

Controlled and Automatic Processes

A

Def: ability to effectively perform two or more tasks at once depending on complexity

NWC: perform controlled and automatic processes within normal limits. Attention highly selective/focused and able to be divided between tasks

ASC: usually less able compared to NWC. less control over attention, which may be highly selective but unable to be divided between tasks

20
Q

Divided Attention

A

Capacity to attend to and perform two or more activities at the same time. Ability to divided attention depends on how much conscious effort is required for various tasks. Harder to perform two or more similar mental tasks simultaneously

21
Q

Selective Attention

A

Choosing and attending to a specific stimulus to the exclusion of others. Influenced by importance/personal relevance, novelty and changing features

22
Q

Perceptual and Cognitive Distortions

A

Def: Degree of awareness and efficiency of your perceptions and cognitions (memory and thought processes)

NWC: perceptions (including pain) are realistic and normal. Effective control of memory processes (storage and retrieval). Thought processes are logical and organised

ASC: perceptions may be altered. Memory processes may be disrupted and distorted. Storage and recall may be less accurate. Thought processes disorganised and less logical

23
Q

Emotional Awareness

A

Def: the experience of emotions (feelings)

NWC: greater awareness of emotions and control of emotional awareness

ASC: less, sometimes more, control of emotions. More/less affectionate, aggressive, anxious

24
Q

Self Control

A

Def: ability to maintain self control usually in terms of monitoring ABC’s

NWC: more control over actions and movements

ASC: less control over actions and movement. Less control of emotions and thoughts but greater susceptibility to suggestions may decrease self control

25
Q

Time Orientation

A

Def: ability to correctly perceive the speed at which time passes

NWC: clear sense of time, past, present, future

ASC: distorted sense of time (may appear to speed up/slow down)

26
Q

Stimulants

A
  • substance that speeds up body’s physiological and mental processes (caffeine and nicotine)
  • increase beta waves and decrease alpha, theta, delta
  • all strong stimulants increase HR, RR, dilate pupils, increase energy, increase self confidence and decrease appetite
27
Q

Depressants

A
  • substance that slows the body’s physiological and mental processes (alcohol)
  • alcohol results in reduction of inhibition, physiological effects due to increase GABA, physicist effects dye to interference with coordination and visual systems of brain
  • reduced beta waves, increase alpha, theta delta
28
Q

Sleep deprivation v BAC

A

17hrs wakefulness = 0.05% BAC

24hrs+ wakefulness = 0.1% BAC

29
Q

Sleep and Alcohol on Cognition and Concentration

A
  • strong correlation bw both effecting performance in varieties of test where as both increased, performance decreased
  • hand/eye co-ord test: tracking task using joystick
  • concentration test: button pressing depending on light illuminated
  • sensory comparison test: identify correct visual stimulus from incorrect alternatives
  • grammatical reasoning test: whether logical statements are T/F
30
Q

Sleep and Alcohol on Mood

A
  • sleep deprivation generally results in negative mood state
  • alcohol results in exaggerated mood and emotions
  • little control over mood and may fluctuate,
  • overly emotional/inappropriate emotions/lack of emotions

Psychology (7 decks)

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