U3L1: Social Trends and Patterns Flashcards
What are social trends + example?
A large scale change in society - they are observable patterns (trends) that can be analyzed over time.
(EX: Population changes in Brampton, unemployment rates increasing, etc)
What is demography + example?
- The statistical study of human populations
- Tells us about the structure of a population (age, ethnicity, gender) which can be applied to help understand trends and lifestyles
- Helps determine how a population changes over time
(EX: Climate change, ethnicity consensus, marriage rates)
What is demographic change?
defined as the shifts in population, age, gender, ethnicity, and family structures that can shape social trends.
(EX: the aging population in Canada has led to trends related to retirement)
What trends were observed in the 2022 census (transgender and non-binary population)
- Younger people were more likely to be trans/non-binary
- Slightly more trans women then men
- Census separated gender and sex (first country to do so)
- Data helps make more inclusive policies
What are five concepts that relate to demography?
1) Replacement level fertility
2) Fertility rate
3) Life expectancy
4) Child mortality
5) Birth Rate
What is Replacement level fertility?
The average number of children born per woman; at which a population replaces itself from one generation to the next, w/o migration (replacement level of 1.6 in 2020, general replacement of 2.1)
What is Fertility rate?
The average number of children a woman will have in her lifetime
(ex: in 2020, the total fertility rate was estimated to be 1.47 children per woman, which is below the replacement level of 2.1 children per woman)
Compare the 2016 census to the 2020
2016:
- 7.5mill born from elsewhere (21.9% of Canadians born in another country)
- 4.9% of pop’n is indigenous (1.67 mill)
2020:
- 5.4% pop’n increase
- 71% related to immigration
- 64% of immigrants makeup work class (rejuvenate aging pop’n)
- 3x pop’n increase
What is life expectancy?
A statistical measure of average number of years a person can expect to live based on their current age, gender, and other demographic factors.
What is child mortality?
Measure of the number of children who die before reaching a certain age, typically under the age of 5. Usually expressed as a rate per 1000 live births.
What is birth rate?
represents the number of live births in a given pop’n over a period of time, usually expressed per 1000 people in pop’n per year.
Summarize the key points from the “Canadas population change TVO Today” video
- work life balance is hard –> less kids
- Graph-age pyramid —> shows baby boom in 2009
- Heading for fertility rate to decrease then presently
- in 2036, deaths rates will increase
- fewer people having kids because of quality>quantity
- policies should support being able to have more kids
What are some findings from the 2021 census?
- more diversity in family structures (nuclear families decreasing even tho its still the majority)
- growth in common law couples, same sex couples, single parents (esp single fathers)
Based on the 2021 census video, what is “Generation Boomerang”
A trend of young adults, often in their 20’s and 30’s, who move back in w/their parents after living independently for a period of time (Why? cuz of finance, lonely, childcare)
Summarize the key points from the “Canadas changing demographics” video
- There are more people aged 35-70, leading to future pop’n growing
- Women getting older is leading to less births: fertility rate is decreasing
- Government doesn’t really care about birth rates
- In Canada, fertility rates have been stable —-> around 1.4-1.6
- Most people have 2 kids so they have siblings
- need some families to have no kids cuz there are families w/ 3+ kids
- estimate more deaths than births in 2006
