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English Language 3/4 > U3AOS1 > Flashcards

U3AOS1 Flashcards

Informal Spoken Language

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1
Q

Discourse

A

Written or spoken texts that are longer than a sentence.

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2
Q

Pragmatics

A

How study is used within a given context, how context contributes to meaning.

“Were you raised in a barn?”
Pragmatically: a command to close the door

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3
Q

Openings and Closings

A

Can be formulaic and a quick marker of register.

Highlight the end of an interaction.

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4
Q

Adjacency Pairs

A

Turns in spoken discourse that relate to each other.

Expected response.

Functions are to facilitate turn-taking, promotes social harmony.

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5
Q

Overlaps

A

Functions include:
-Accidental as we think the other person has finished speaking.

-When we are excited.

-Agreeing with or echoing someone’s thoughts.

Can also be deliberate with the function to contradict, interject, or take the floor.

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6
Q

Interrogative Tags

A

A statement which uses a tag at the end to create an interrogative.

Functions include:
-To signal a speaker is relinquishing the floor to another person.

-To check the other person is listening, understanding/agreeing, and thereby holding the floor.

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7
Q

Discourse Particles/ Markers

A

Little words/phrases which are used in our speech for a particular purpose.

Mark changes in the discourse/ express a particular emotion/emphasis.

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8
Q

Hedges

A

A type of discourse particle.

Reduce the force of what we’re saying.

Uncertainty/modesty creating a more friendly, less authoritative utterance.

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9
Q

Non-Fluency Features

A

Reflect spontaneous discourse.

Not necessarily the best features to show register (informality), instead link them to the mode.

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10
Q

Strategies in Spoken Discourse

A

Help speakers to achieve successful communication and create a harmonious social environment.

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11
Q

Topic Management

Strategies in Spoken Discourse

A

Refers to the methods speakers use to manage a topic within a conversation or monologue.

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12
Q

Initiation

Strategies in Spoken Discourse

A

Introducing a new topic in a conversation, explicitly or implicitly.

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13
Q

Development

Strategies in Spoken Discourse

A

Expanding upon initial conversation topics.

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14
Q

Shift

Strategies in Spoken Discourse

A

Conversation moves coherently from one topic to another.

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15
Q

Change

Strategies in Spoken Discourse

A

Transition from one topic to a different topic during a conversation, naturally or deliberately.

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16
Q

Loop

Strategies in Spoken Discourse

A

Returning or revisiting to a previously discussed topic.

17
Q

Termination

Strategies in Spoken Discourse

A

The closure of a topic in conversation.

18
Q

Taking The Floor

Turn Taking

A

Otherwise known as getting your turn.

19
Q

Passing The Floor

Turn Taking

A

Giving someone else a turn.

20
Q

Holding The Floor

Turn Taking

A

Maintaining your turn.

21
Q

Management of Repair Strategies

A

Repair management refers to the process by which speakers identify and correct communication problems.

22
Q

Self-Initiated Self Repair

A

The speaker realises their own mistake and corrects it immediately without intervention from the listener.

23
Q

Self-Initiated Other Repair

A

The speaker notices their own mistake and invites the listener to correct it.

24
Q

Other-Initiated Self Repair

A

The listener indicates a problem and the speaker makes the correction. This indicates a cooperative speech exchange and familiarity or rapport with the listener.

25
Q

Other-Initiated Other Repair

A

The listener indicates a problem and provides the correction. It may cause offense if not appropriate to the context.

26
Q

Referential

Functions

A

Sharing information with an audience. The information may or may not be true, but is presented as factual and objective.

27
Q

Emotive

Functions

A

Speaker expresses emotions or desires. This function is about the speaker and their emotion

28
Q

Conative

Functions

A

Directions, questions and commands. The conative function aims to cause the audience to react in some way.

29
Q

Phatic

Functions

A

Creating and maintaining social connection. The message tends to be somewhat meaningless outside of a social connection.

30
Q

Metalinguistic

Functions

A

Describes language itself. This function allows the speaker to check whether they have been understood or are using the right type of language for the conversation.

31
Q

Poetic

Functions

A

Focuses on the message itself rather than the communicators. It is aesthetic in nature, referring to texts which are created for beauty and wit.

English Language 3/4 (7 decks)

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