Grammar - Discourse / Pragmatics

Question 1

Vocal Effects

Paralinguistic Features

Answer 1

eg whispers, laughter

Question 1

Non-Verbal Communication

Paralinguistic Features

Answer 1

eg gestures, facial expressions, eye contact

Question 2

Code Switching as Language Learning

Answer 2

When speakers or writers switch between different languages or dialects within a conversation/text. It is a marker of group membership and solidarity, as it reaffirms the social or cultural background of the speaker and their audience.

Question 3

Conventions for the Transcription of Spoken Language

Answer 3

When transcribing texts we use a legend, symbols, and line numbers to make sense of the discourse

Question 4

Collocation

Lexical Choice

Answer 4

Phrases that are statistically more likely to appear near each other than other combinations of words

Question 5

Clefting

Information Flow

Answer 5

Movement of a phrase to another position within a sentence

Question 6

Front Focus

Information Flow

Answer 6

Moving information to the front of a sentence that is already known

Question 7

End Focus

Information Flow

Answer 7

Moving information to the end of a sentence to give it prominence

Question 8

Anaphoric Reference

Answer 8

Referring to an introduced entity using a pronoun

Question 9

Cataphoric Reference

Answer 9

Substituting to pronouns before an entity is introduced

Question 10

Deictics

Answer 10

A form of substitution where a concept is not explicit in a text and therefore the text relies on audience knowledge

Question 11

Repitition

Answer 11

Repetition acts to reinforce a main topic

Question 12

Substitution

Answer 12

Replacing 1 element of a sentence with something else that has already appeared

Question 13

Ellipsis

Answer 13

Reduce unnecessary repetition

Question 14

Cohesion

Answer 14

How the structure and content of a sentence or text is linked together to create meaning.

Question 15

Social Purpose

Question 16

Function