Grammar - Semantics Flashcards
The Relation of Meaning and Sign
The relation between meaning and sign is arbitrary, however, we know that certain signs are connected to particular meanings.
Semantic Domain
When lexemes are grouped with others that have interrelated meanings they belong to the same semantic domain.
Semantic Over-Generalisation
Extending the meaning of a word beyond its accepted use.
Inference
Drawing on existing knowledge to fill in the gaps between what is said and what is meant.
Etymology
The study of the origins of words and the historic development of their form and meaning.
Broadening
Semantic Change
A lexeme widens its meaning.
Narrowing
Semantic Change
The lexeme meaning becomes limited.
Shift
Semantic Change
When a lexeme takes on a new meaning and loses its original meaning.
Elevation
Semantic Change
When a lexeme takes on a more positive meaning.
Deterioration
Semantic Change
When a lexeme takes on a more negative meaning.
Figurative Language
Semantic Patterning
The writer intends for a meaning other than the exact meaning
Metaphor
Semantic Patterning
A figure of speech where 1 thing is to be another
Simile
Semantic Patterning
Figure of speech explicitly connecting 2 things through ‘like’ or ‘as’
Hyperbole
Semantic Patterning
Figure of speech in which exaggeration is used for emphasis or effect
Personification
Semantic Patterning
Metaphor that gives human features to non-human things
