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Parasitology-Lec > U3.1 - Intestinal and Urogenital Flagellates > Flashcards

U3.1 - Intestinal and Urogenital Flagellates Flashcards

1
Q

Flagellates:
Phylum

A

Phylum Sarcomastigophora/ Metamonada

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2
Q

Flagellates:
Subphylum

A

Subphylum Mastigophora

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3
Q

Flagellates:
Class

A

Class Zoomastigophora

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4
Q

Class Zoomastigophora:
kinds of species

A
  1. intestinal and urogenital flagellates
  2. hemoflagellates
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5
Q

Intestinal/ Urogenital flagellates:
habitat

A

large intestine; except:
1. Giardia duodenalis (small intestine)
2. Trichomonas vaginalis (urogenitals)
3. Trichomonas tenax (mouth)

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6
Q

Intestinal/ Urogenital flagellates:
formation/ rupturing of cyst

A

All undergo encystation; except:
Trichomonas species (trophozoite)

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7
Q

Intestinal/ Urogenital flagellates:
types of parasite

A

All are commensals; except:
1. Giardia duodenalis
2. Dientamoeba fragilis
3. Trichomonas vaginalis

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8
Q

Giardia duodenalis:
other names

A

Giadia intestinalis
Giardia lamblia
Cercomonas intestinalis

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9
Q

Giardia duodenalis:
MOT

A

ingestion of infective cysts

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10
Q

Giardia duodenalis:
causative agent of?

A
  1. Giardiasis
  2. Traveller’s Diarrhea
  3. Backpacker’s Diarrhea
  4. Beaver Fever
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11
Q

Giardia duodenalis:
pathogenesis

A
  1. Parasite attaches to the intestinal cells via an adhesive sucking disc located on its ventral side
  2. Once attached, the parasite causes villous flattening and crypt atrophy
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12
Q

Giardia duodenalis:
symptomatic or asymptomatic

A

Half of the patients:
may be asymptomatic

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13
Q

Giardia duodenalis:
acute cases

A
  1. excessive flatus with rotten egg (due to hydrogen sulfied) odor
  2. diarrhea
  3. malaise
  4. abdominal pains
  5. anorexia
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14
Q

Giardia duodenalis:
chronic cases

A
  1. steatorrhea
  2. weight loss
  3. profound malaise
  4. low-grade fever
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15
Q

Giardia duodenalis:
diagnosis

A
  1. DFS
  2. concentration techniques: cysts
  3. duodenal-jejunal aspiration
  4. enterotest
  5. antigen detection test (CWP1)
  6. direct fluorescent Ab test
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16
Q

Giardia duodenalis:
treatment

A
  1. metronidazole
  2. alternative drugs:
    • tinidazole
    • furazolidone
    • abendazole
17
Q

Giardia duodenalis:
epidemiology

A
  1. prevalent worldwide
  2. areas with poor sanitation and poor hygiene
  3. direct oral-anal sexual contact among MSM increase the risk
18
Q

Giardia duodenalis:
prevention and control

A
  1. proper or sanitary disposal of human excreta
  2. normal water chlorination will not affect cysts, but usual water treatment modalities should be adequate
19
Q

Dientamoeba fragilis:
originally described as?

A

ameba

20
Q

Dientamoeba fragilis:
stages present

A

trophozoite
cyst

21
Q

Dientamoeba fragilis:
nuclei:
peripheral chromatin:
karyosome:

A

nuclei: 1 or 2
peripheral chromatin: no PC
karyosome: 4-6 discrete granules

22
Q

Dientamoeba fragilis:
MOT

A

fecal-oral route or via transmission of helminth eggs (E. vermicularis)

23
Q

Dientamoeba fragilis:
symptomaticity

A

usually asymptomatic

24
Q

Dientamoeba fragilis:
common symptoms

A

intermittent diarrhea with excess mucus

25
Q

Dientamoeba fragilis:
diagnosis

A
  1. DFS
  2. not detected by concentration techniques
  3. prompt fixation of fresh stool with PVA fixative or Schaudinn’s fixative
26
Q

Trichomonas vaginalis:
causative agent of?

A

trichomoniasis

27
Q

Trichomonas vaginalis:
habitat

A

urogenital area

28
Q

Trichomonas vaginalis:
MOT

A
  1. intimate contact
  2. infant delivery
  3. contaminated towels and underwear
29
Q

Trichomonas vaginalis:
common symptoms

A
  1. vaginal discharge (green/ yellow color)
  2. vulvitis
  3. dysuria
  4. postpartum endometritis
  5. strawberry cervix (2% of the cases)
30
Q

Trichomonas vaginalis:
male pathogenesis

A

asymptomatic
some cases: urethritis, prostitis

31
Q

Trichomonas vaginalis:
diagnosis

A
  1. saline preparation of vaginal fluid
  2. culture: gold standard
  3. pap’s smear
  4. Ag detection
  5. PCR
32
Q

Trichomonas vaginalis:
treatment

A
  1. metronidazole
  2. tinidazole
33
Q

Trichomonas vaginalis:
epidemiology

A
  1. occurs worldwide
  2. high prevalence in greater sexual activity with multiple partners
34
Q

Trichomonas vaginalis:
prevention and control

A
  1. reduce risk of exposure
  2. proper use of protective devices (condom, spermicidal foams)
  3. simultaneous treatment of infected sexual partners
  4. health and sex education
35
Q

Non-pathogenic flagellates

A
  1. Pentatrichomonas (Trichomonas) hominis
  2. Trichomonas tenax
  3. Chilomastix mesnili

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