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Parasitology-Lec > U1.2 - Intro to Para (Transmission, Life Cycles, Exposure and Infection, Epidemiology) > Flashcards

U1.2 - Intro to Para (Transmission, Life Cycles, Exposure and Infection, Epidemiology) Flashcards

1
Q

9 types of transmission

A
  1. soil-transmitted helminthes (STH)
  2. vector borne
  3. food borne
  4. water borne
  5. vertical transmission
  6. transmammary
  7. skin penetration
  8. inhalation
  9. intimate contact
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2
Q

identify the type of transmission:
1. Hookworms (Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale)
2. Ascaris lumbricoides
3. Trichuris trichuria
4. Strongyloides stercoralis

A

soil transmission

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3
Q

4 soil-transmitted helminthes

A
  1. Hookworms (Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale)
  2. Ascaris lumbricoides
  3. Trichuris trichuria
  4. Strongyloides stercoralis
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4
Q

identify the type of transmission:
1. mosquitoes and ticks (arthropods)
2. Plasmodium
3. Hemoflagellates
4. Filarial worms

A

vector borne

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5
Q

type of transmission when one is fond of eating different types of food/ undercooked or raw food

A

food borne

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6
Q

identify the type of transmission:
1. Fasciola
2. Opisthorcis
3. Clonorchis
4. Echinostoma
5. Heterophes
6. Taenia

A

food borne

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7
Q

type of transmission for drinking contaminated water

A

water borne

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8
Q

identify the type of transmission:
1. Giardia
2. Cryptosporidium

A

water borne

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9
Q

type of transmission: congenital transmission

A

vertical transmission

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10
Q

identify the type of transmission:
Toxoplasma gondii

A

vertical transmission

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11
Q

type of transmission for drinking of breast milk

A

transmammary

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12
Q

identify the type of transmission:
1. Ancylostoma
2. Strongyloides

A

transmammary

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13
Q

type of transmission: exposure to skin to soil or water

A

skin penetration

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14
Q

identify the type of transmission:
1. Hookworms
2. Strongyloides
3. Schistosoma

A

skin penetration

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15
Q

type of transmission for airborne eggs

A

inhalation

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16
Q

identify the type of transmission:
Enterobius

A

inhalation

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17
Q

type of transmission for sexual contact

A

intimate contact

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18
Q

identify the type of transmission:
Trichomonas vaginalis

A

intimate contact

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19
Q

how the parasite develops

A

life cycle

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20
Q

2 types of life cycle

A

direct or indirect

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21
Q

type of life cycle where there is no intermediate host

A

direct life cycle

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22
Q

type of life cycle consisting of a parasite and a final host only

A

direct life cycle

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23
Q

type of life cycle that has an intermediate host

A

indirect life cycle

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24
Q

type of life cycle where there is migration of larval stages present in some parasites

A

indirect life cycle

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25
Q

T/F:
life cycle more complicated = more chances for parasite to survive

A

False;
lesser chances

26
Q

presence of signs and symptoms

A

disease

27
Q

any organism that causes disease

A

pathogen

28
Q

T/F:
infection = disease

A

False

29
Q

establishment of an organism in one host (with multiplication of organism)

A

infection

30
Q

T/F:
In an infection, tissues are destructed.

A

False;
no destruction of tissue yet

31
Q

harbors the organism, but person shows no signs or symptoms

A

carrier

32
Q

Carrier is also like a _________.

A

reservoir

33
Q

period between infection and appearance of signs and symptoms

A

incubation period

34
Q

T/F:
In the incubation period, there are no symptoms.

A

True

35
Q

incubation period is also known as?

A

clinical incubation period

36
Q

period between infection and evidence/ demonstration of infection

A

pre-patent period

37
Q

period where lab result is positive

A

pre-patent period

38
Q

period that can be ahead of incubation period or lesser

A

pre-patent period

39
Q

pre-patent period is also known as?

A

biologic incubation period

40
Q

process of inoculating an infective agent

A

exposure

41
Q

type of infection where infected individuals become his/ her own source of infection

A

autoinfection

42
Q

type of infection where parasite does not need to go outside body to replicate/ multiply

A

autoinfection

43
Q

also known as hyperinfection

A

superinfection

44
Q

type of infection where infected individual is further infected with the same parasite

A

superinfection/ hyperinfection

45
Q

study of patterns, distribution, and occurrence of disease

A

epidemiology

46
Q

number of patients infected at one point in time

A

prevalence

47
Q

percentage of individuals in a population infected with at least one parasite

A

cumulative prevalence

48
Q

number of new cases

A

incidence

49
Q

measures the risk of developing the disease incidence

A

incidence

50
Q

few cases; a disease that occurs infrequently and irregularly

A

sporadic

51
Q

constant presence and/or prevalence of a disease or an infectious agent in the population within a geographic area

A

endemic

52
Q

outbreak; an increase, often sudden, in the number of cases of a disease often above what is normally expected in that population in that area

A

epidemic

53
Q

an epidemic that has spread over several countries or continents

A

pandemic

54
Q

permanent reduction to zero of worldwide incidence of an infection

A

eradication

55
Q

T/F:
Once eradication is achieved, continued efforts to reduce infections are no longer needed.

A

True

56
Q

reduction to zero of incidence of a specified disease in an area

A

elimination

57
Q

T/F:
In elimination, continued intervention is no longer needed.

A

False;
needed

58
Q

number of cases

A

morbidity

59
Q

number of deaths

A

mortality

60
Q

severity of infection
(ex. worm burden in Ascaris)

A

intensity of infection

Parasitology-Lec (8 decks)

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