U1.2 - Intro to Para (Transmission, Life Cycles, Exposure and Infection, Epidemiology) Flashcards
9 types of transmission
- soil-transmitted helminthes (STH)
- vector borne
- food borne
- water borne
- vertical transmission
- transmammary
- skin penetration
- inhalation
- intimate contact
identify the type of transmission:
1. Hookworms (Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale)
2. Ascaris lumbricoides
3. Trichuris trichuria
4. Strongyloides stercoralis
soil transmission
4 soil-transmitted helminthes
- Hookworms (Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale)
- Ascaris lumbricoides
- Trichuris trichuria
- Strongyloides stercoralis
identify the type of transmission:
1. mosquitoes and ticks (arthropods)
2. Plasmodium
3. Hemoflagellates
4. Filarial worms
vector borne
type of transmission when one is fond of eating different types of food/ undercooked or raw food
food borne
identify the type of transmission:
1. Fasciola
2. Opisthorcis
3. Clonorchis
4. Echinostoma
5. Heterophes
6. Taenia
food borne
type of transmission for drinking contaminated water
water borne
identify the type of transmission:
1. Giardia
2. Cryptosporidium
water borne
type of transmission: congenital transmission
vertical transmission
identify the type of transmission:
Toxoplasma gondii
vertical transmission
type of transmission for drinking of breast milk
transmammary
identify the type of transmission:
1. Ancylostoma
2. Strongyloides
transmammary
type of transmission: exposure to skin to soil or water
skin penetration
identify the type of transmission:
1. Hookworms
2. Strongyloides
3. Schistosoma
skin penetration
type of transmission for airborne eggs
inhalation
identify the type of transmission:
Enterobius
inhalation
type of transmission for sexual contact
intimate contact
identify the type of transmission:
Trichomonas vaginalis
intimate contact
how the parasite develops
life cycle
2 types of life cycle
direct or indirect
type of life cycle where there is no intermediate host
direct life cycle
type of life cycle consisting of a parasite and a final host only
direct life cycle
type of life cycle that has an intermediate host
indirect life cycle
type of life cycle where there is migration of larval stages present in some parasites
indirect life cycle
T/F:
life cycle more complicated = more chances for parasite to survive
False;
lesser chances
presence of signs and symptoms
disease
any organism that causes disease
pathogen
T/F:
infection = disease
False
establishment of an organism in one host (with multiplication of organism)
infection
T/F:
In an infection, tissues are destructed.
False;
no destruction of tissue yet
harbors the organism, but person shows no signs or symptoms
carrier
Carrier is also like a _________.
reservoir
period between infection and appearance of signs and symptoms
incubation period
T/F:
In the incubation period, there are no symptoms.
True
incubation period is also known as?
clinical incubation period
period between infection and evidence/ demonstration of infection
pre-patent period
period where lab result is positive
pre-patent period
period that can be ahead of incubation period or lesser
pre-patent period
pre-patent period is also known as?
biologic incubation period
process of inoculating an infective agent
exposure
type of infection where infected individuals become his/ her own source of infection
autoinfection
type of infection where parasite does not need to go outside body to replicate/ multiply
autoinfection
also known as hyperinfection
superinfection
type of infection where infected individual is further infected with the same parasite
superinfection/ hyperinfection
study of patterns, distribution, and occurrence of disease
epidemiology
number of patients infected at one point in time
prevalence
percentage of individuals in a population infected with at least one parasite
cumulative prevalence
number of new cases
incidence
measures the risk of developing the disease incidence
incidence
few cases; a disease that occurs infrequently and irregularly
sporadic
constant presence and/or prevalence of a disease or an infectious agent in the population within a geographic area
endemic
outbreak; an increase, often sudden, in the number of cases of a disease often above what is normally expected in that population in that area
epidemic
an epidemic that has spread over several countries or continents
pandemic
permanent reduction to zero of worldwide incidence of an infection
eradication
T/F:
Once eradication is achieved, continued efforts to reduce infections are no longer needed.
True
reduction to zero of incidence of a specified disease in an area
elimination
T/F:
In elimination, continued intervention is no longer needed.
False;
needed
number of cases
morbidity
number of deaths
mortality
severity of infection
(ex. worm burden in Ascaris)
intensity of infection
