U1.2 - Intro to Para (Transmission, Life Cycles, Exposure and Infection, Epidemiology)

Question 1

9 types of transmission

Answer 1

1. soil-transmitted helminthes (STH)
2. vector borne
3. food borne
4. water borne
5. vertical transmission
6. transmammary
7. skin penetration
8. inhalation
9. intimate contact

Question 2

identify the type of transmission:
1. Hookworms (Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale)
2. Ascaris lumbricoides
3. Trichuris trichuria
4. Strongyloides stercoralis

Answer 2

soil transmission

Question 3

4 soil-transmitted helminthes

Answer 3

1. Hookworms (Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale)
2. Ascaris lumbricoides
3. Trichuris trichuria
4. Strongyloides stercoralis

Question 4

identify the type of transmission:
1. mosquitoes and ticks (arthropods)
2. Plasmodium
3. Hemoflagellates
4. Filarial worms

Answer 4

vector borne

Question 5

type of transmission when one is fond of eating different types of food/ undercooked or raw food

Answer 5

food borne

Question 6

identify the type of transmission:
1. Fasciola
2. Opisthorcis
3. Clonorchis
4. Echinostoma
5. Heterophes
6. Taenia

Answer 6

food borne

Question 7

type of transmission for drinking contaminated water

Answer 7

water borne

Question 8

identify the type of transmission:
1. Giardia
2. Cryptosporidium

Answer 8

water borne

Question 9

type of transmission: congenital transmission

Answer 9

vertical transmission

Question 10

identify the type of transmission:
Toxoplasma gondii

Answer 10

vertical transmission

Question 11

type of transmission for drinking of breast milk

Answer 11

transmammary

Question 12

identify the type of transmission:
1. Ancylostoma
2. Strongyloides

Answer 12

transmammary

Question 13

type of transmission: exposure to skin to soil or water

Answer 13

skin penetration

Question 14

identify the type of transmission:
1. Hookworms
2. Strongyloides
3. Schistosoma

Answer 14

skin penetration

Question 15

type of transmission for airborne eggs

Answer 15

inhalation

Question 16

identify the type of transmission:
Enterobius

Answer 16

inhalation

Question 17

type of transmission for sexual contact

Answer 17

intimate contact

Question 18

identify the type of transmission:
Trichomonas vaginalis

Answer 18

intimate contact

Question 19

how the parasite develops

Answer 19

life cycle

Question 20

2 types of life cycle

Answer 20

direct or indirect

Question 21

type of life cycle where there is no intermediate host

Answer 21

direct life cycle

Question 22

type of life cycle consisting of a parasite and a final host only

Answer 22

direct life cycle

Question 23

type of life cycle that has an intermediate host

Answer 23

indirect life cycle

Question 24

type of life cycle where there is migration of larval stages present in some parasites

Answer 24

indirect life cycle

Question 25

T/F: life cycle more complicated = more chances for parasite to survive

Answer 25

False; lesser chances

Question 26

presence of signs and symptoms

Answer 26

disease

Question 27

any organism that causes disease

Answer 27

pathogen

Question 28

T/F: infection = disease

Answer 28

False

Question 29

establishment of an organism in one host (with multiplication of organism)

Answer 29

infection

Question 30

T/F: In an infection, tissues are destructed.

Answer 30

False; no destruction of tissue yet

Question 31

harbors the organism, but person shows no signs or symptoms

Answer 31

carrier

Question 32

Carrier is also like a _________.

Answer 32

reservoir

Question 33

period between infection and appearance of signs and symptoms

Answer 33

incubation period

Question 34

T/F: In the incubation period, there are no symptoms.

Answer 34

True

Question 35

incubation period is also known as?

Answer 35

clinical incubation period

Question 36

period between infection and evidence/ demonstration of infection

Answer 36

pre-patent period

Question 37

period where lab result is positive

Answer 37

pre-patent period

Question 38

period that can be ahead of incubation period or lesser

Answer 38

pre-patent period

Question 39

pre-patent period is also known as?

Answer 39

biologic incubation period

Question 40

process of inoculating an infective agent

Answer 40

exposure

Question 41

type of infection where infected individuals become his/ her own source of infection

Answer 41

autoinfection

Question 42

type of infection where parasite does not need to go outside body to replicate/ multiply

Answer 42

autoinfection

Question 43

also known as hyperinfection

Answer 43

superinfection

Question 44

type of infection where infected individual is further infected with the same parasite

Answer 44

superinfection/ hyperinfection

Question 45

study of patterns, distribution, and occurrence of disease

Answer 45

epidemiology

Question 46

number of patients infected at one point in time

Answer 46

prevalence

Question 47

percentage of individuals in a population infected with at least one parasite

Answer 47

cumulative prevalence

Question 48

number of new cases

Answer 48

incidence

Question 49

measures the risk of developing the disease incidence

Answer 49

incidence

Question 50

few cases; a disease that occurs infrequently and irregularly

Answer 50

sporadic

Question 51

constant presence and/or prevalence of a disease or an infectious agent in the population within a geographic area

Answer 51

endemic

Question 52

outbreak; an increase, often sudden, in the number of cases of a disease often above what is normally expected in that population in that area

Answer 52

epidemic

Question 53

an epidemic that has spread over several countries or continents

Answer 53

pandemic

Question 54

permanent reduction to zero of worldwide incidence of an infection

Answer 54

eradication

Question 55

T/F: Once eradication is achieved, continued efforts to reduce infections are no longer needed.

Answer 55

True

Question 56

reduction to zero of incidence of a specified disease in an area

Answer 56

elimination

Question 57

T/F: In elimination, continued intervention is no longer needed.

Answer 57

False; needed

Question 58

number of cases

Answer 58

morbidity

Question 59

number of deaths

Answer 59

mortality

Question 60

severity of infection (ex. worm burden in Ascaris)

Answer 60

intensity of infection