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Parasitology-Lec > U1.1 - Intro to Para (Bio Relationships, Hosts, Parasites) > Flashcards

U1.1 - Intro to Para (Bio Relationships, Hosts, Parasites) Flashcards

1
Q

relationship between 2 unlike organisms

A

symbiosis

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2
Q

the members of the symbiotic relationship

A

symbiont/ symbiote

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3
Q

4 symbiotic relationships

A

mutualism
commensalism
phoretic relationship
parasitism

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4
Q

symbiotic relationship where both benefit

A

mutualism

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5
Q

symbiotic relationship where one benefits and one is not affected/ unharmed

A

commensalism

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6
Q

symbiotic relationship that involves “phoresis”

A

phoretic relationship

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7
Q

means “to carry”

A

phoresis

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8
Q

symbiotic relationship where the organism is carried and nothing else happens

A

phoretic relationship

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9
Q

organism being carried

A

phoront

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10
Q

T/F:
In a phoretic relationship, there is a physiologic interaction between the host and the phoront.

A

False;
no physiologic interaction

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11
Q

symbiotic relationship where one benefits, and one is harmed

A

parasitism

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12
Q

in parasitism, what do you call the one that benefits and the one that is harmed

A

parasite: benefits
host: harmed

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13
Q

determine the symbiotic relationship:
termites and flagellates

A

mutualism

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14
Q

determine the symbiotic relationship:
entamoeba coli in the intestinal lumen

A

commensalism

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15
Q

determine the symbiotic relationship:
cockroaches carrying Ascaris eggs

A

phoretic relationship

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16
Q

determine the symbiotic relationship:
Entamoeba histolytica in humans

A

parasitism

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17
Q

an area of biology that deals with the dependence of one organism on another

A

parasitology

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18
Q

study of parasites, its hosts, and their relationships

A

parasitology

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19
Q

characteristics of parasitic diseases

A
  1. prevalence in developing countries
  2. low mortality and morbidity
  3. limited drug development
  4. no current vaccines
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20
Q

species which harbors the parasite

A

host

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21
Q

T/F:
The host always show harmful effects

A

False;
may show no harmful effects
may also suffer from the pathogenic effects of the parasite

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22
Q

also known as definitive host

A

final host

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23
Q

host that harbors the mature form of the parasite

A

final/ definitive host

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24
Q

T/F:
sexual reproduction and maturity take place in final host

A

True

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25
Q

host that harbors immature/ larval form of the parasite

A

intermediate host

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26
Q

T/F:
Asexual reproduction takes place in intermediate host

A

True

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27
Q

host responsible for transmission

A

vector

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28
Q

type of vector where there is morphologic change or transformation of parasite before transmission to another host

A

biologic vector

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29
Q

In the biologic vector, parasite is always __________ (inside or outside).

A

inside

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30
Q

Identify the type of host:
lower animals, vegetation, insects, sometimes humans (in Plasmodium infections)

A

intermediate host

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31
Q

Identify the type of host:
aedes
mosquitoes
tsetse
fly
ticks

A

biologic vector

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32
Q

type of vector where no morphologic change occurs

A

mechanical/ phoretic vector

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33
Q

In the mechanical/ phoretic vector, parasite is always __________ (inside or outside).

A

outside

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34
Q

Identify the type of host:
cockroaches and flies

A

mechanical/ phoretic vector

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35
Q

type of host that harbors a parasite that usually does not infect it

A

accidental host

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36
Q

Identify the type of host:
man infected with Toxocara canis

A

accidental host

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37
Q

also known as transfer host

A

paratenic host

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38
Q

type of host that harbors parasites that do not develop to further stages

A

paratenic/ transfer host

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39
Q

T/F:
Paratenic/ transfer host only transfers from one host to another

A

True

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40
Q

type of host that widens parasite distribution and bridges ecological gap between definitive and intermediate hosts

A

paratenic/ transfer host

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41
Q

Identify the type of host:
boars for Paragonimus westermani

A

paratenic/ transfer host

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42
Q

also known as incidental host

A

dead-end host

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43
Q

type of host that does not anymore allow the life cycle of the parasite to continue

A

dead-end/ incidental host

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44
Q

Identify the type of host:
humans for Trichinella spiralis

A

dead-end/ incidental host

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45
Q

type of host other than the parasite’s usual hosts that allows the life cycle to continue

A

reservoir host

46
Q

animals that can continue the life cycle even in absence of humans

A

reservoir host

47
Q

T/F:
Reservoir host becomes additional sources of human infection.

A

True

48
Q

Identify the type of host:
pigs for Balantidum coli
field rats for Paragonimus westermani
beavers for Giardia lamblia
cats for Brugia malayi

A

reservoir host

49
Q

concerned primarily with parasites of humans and their medical significance, as well as their importance in human communities

A

medical parasitology

50
Q

7 types of hosts

A
  1. final/ definitive
  2. intermediate
  3. vectors
  4. accidental
  5. paratenic/ transfer
  6. dead-end/ incidental
  7. reservoir
51
Q

3 types of parasites according to relationship to host

A
  1. obligate
  2. facultative
  3. commensal
52
Q

7 types of parasites according to habitat

A
  1. ectoparasite
  2. endoparasite
  3. erratic parasite
  4. accidental/ incidental parasite
  5. spurious parasite
  6. temporary parasite
  7. permanent parasite
53
Q

3 types of parasites according to egg-laying capacity

A
  1. oviparous
  2. ovoviviparous
  3. larviparous
54
Q

3 types of parasites according to sexes

A
  1. monoecious
  2. dioecious
  3. parthenogenetic
55
Q

type of parasite that always requires a host to survive

A

obligate parasite

56
Q

T/F:
most parasites are obligate

A

True

57
Q

Identify the type of parasite according to pathogenicity/ dependency:
Ascaris
Hookworms
Trichuris
Tapeworms

A

obligate parasite

58
Q

type of parasite that has a free-living and parasitic phase

A

facultative parasite

59
Q

a phase found in the environment

A

free-living phase

60
Q

T/F:
When conditions are unfavorable, facultative parasites’ enter the parasitic phase after free-living phase

A

True

61
Q

type of parasite that is non-pathogenic

A

commensal

62
Q

type of parasite that does not cause disease

A

commensal

63
Q

Identify the type of parasite according to pathogenicity/ dependency:
threadworms

A

facultative parasite

64
Q

Identify the type of parasite according to pathogenicity/ dependency:
Entamoeba coli

A

commensal

65
Q

type of parasite that lives outside the host

A

ectoparasite

66
Q

presence of an ectoparasite in a host

A

infestation

67
Q

Identify the type of parasite according to habitat:
ticks
lice
fleas

A

ectoparasite

68
Q

type of parasite that lives inside the host

A

endoparasite

69
Q

presence of an endoparasite in a host

A

infection

70
Q

T/F:
Most parasites are ectoparasites.

A

False;
endoparasites

71
Q

type of parasite that is not living in its natural habitat

A

erratic parasite

72
Q

Identify the type of parasite according to habitat:
Ascaris (when it is not in the small intestine)

A

erratic parasite

73
Q

also known as incidental parasite

A

accidental parasite

74
Q

type of parasite that does not live in its usual host

A

accidental/ incidental parasite

75
Q

type of parasite/ free-living organism that passes through the GI tract without infecting the host

A

spurious parasite

76
Q

type of parasite that is transient

A

temporary parasite

77
Q

type of parasite that remains on host for its entire life

A

permanent parasite

78
Q

type of parasite that lays immature eggs

A

oviparous parasite

79
Q

Identify the type of parasite according to egg-laying capacity:
Ascaris
Trichuris

A

oviparous parasite

80
Q

eggs that are not yet embryonated/ have no larva yet

A

immature eggs

81
Q

Identify the type of parasite according to egg-laying capacity:
Schistosoma
Clonorchis

A

ovoviviparous parasite

82
Q

type of parasite that lays mature eggs

A

ovoviviparous parasite

83
Q

eggs that are embryonated, larva present

A

mature eggs

84
Q

type of parasite that is larva-laying

A

larviparous parasite

85
Q

Identify the type of parasite according to egg-laying capacity:
Trichinella

A

larviparous parasite

86
Q

type of parasite that is also known as Hermaphrodites

A

monoecious parasite

87
Q

type of parasite where both testes and ovaries are found

A

monoecious parasite

88
Q

Identify the type of parasite according to sexes:
flukes
tapeworms

A

monoecious parasite

89
Q

type of parasite where separate sexes are present

A

dioecious parasite

90
Q

type of parasite according to sexes (male and female)

A

dioecious parasite

91
Q

Identify the type of parasite according to sexes:
nematodes (except Strongyloides)

A

dioecious parasite

92
Q

type of parasite: females capable of self-fertilization

A

parthenogenetic parasite

93
Q

Identify the type of parasite according to sexes:
Strongyloides stercoralis

A

parthenogenetic parasite

94
Q

3 stages for helminthes

A

adult
larva
egg/ ovum

95
Q

stage of helminth in mature form

A

adult

96
Q

stage of helminth in immature form

A

larva

97
Q

stages included in the larval stage of helminthes

A

L1-L3

98
Q

stage of helminth in nonmotile form

A

egg/ ovum

99
Q

resistant stages of helminth

A

egg/ ovum

100
Q

stage of helminth:
Infective stage (for most parasites): stage that once ingested, infects the host

A

egg/ ovum

101
Q

2 stages for protozoans

A

trophozoite
cyst

102
Q

stage of protozoan in motile/ vegetative stage

A

trophozoite

103
Q

stage of protozoan in nonmotile, usually the infective stage

A

cyst

104
Q

diseases associated with mosquitoes

A
  • Malaria
  • Filariasis
105
Q

diseases associated with flies

A
  • Leishmaniasis
  • African trypanosomiasis
  • Onchocercosis
  • Loiasis
106
Q

disease associated with ticks

A

Babesiosis

107
Q

disease associated with Bug (Reduviid)

A

Chagas’ Disease

108
Q

most common mode of transmission

A

oral (food and water)

109
Q

refers to burden of infection which is related to the number of worms per infected person

A

Intensity of Infection/ Worm Burden

110
Q
A

Parasitology-Lec (8 decks)

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