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MT6319 MOLBIO > U3 LEC: TRANSLATION > Flashcards

U3 LEC: TRANSLATION Flashcards

1
Q

Blueprint for genetic makeup, basis for translation

A

DNA

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2
Q

Sequence for genetic code

A

RNA

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3
Q

This is contained in the RNA and will create the polymer protein as a product of translation

A

Codon

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4
Q

Product of transcription, most biologically active form

A

mRNA

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5
Q

Mature mRNA has no?

A

introns

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6
Q

This will facilitate exit of mature mRNA out of nucleus.

A

methyl guanosine cap at 5ā€™ end

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7
Q

This is not seen in tRNA and rRNA.

A

poly adenylated tail at 3ā€™ end

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8
Q

This occur in triplets and a combination of nucleotides.

A

Codons

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9
Q

How many possible combinations of codons can be made?

A

64

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10
Q

How many codons code for amino acids?

A

61

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11
Q

Start codon or Methionine

A

AUG

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12
Q

How many codons code for stop codons?

A

3

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13
Q

Stop Codons

A

UAG, UGA, UAA

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14
Q

1 amino acid is to multiple codons, except?

A
  • Methionine (AUG)
  • Tryptophan (UGG)
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15
Q

This is the carrier of the anticodon.

A

tRNA

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16
Q

This refers to the complementary sequence of codon

A

anticodon

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17
Q

T/F: The codon will not bind to the large subunit without presence of anticodon in tRNA.

A

True

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18
Q

This is found in the 5ā€™ end, and is usually carrying the anticodon.

A

Phosphate group

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19
Q

This is found in the 3ā€™ end, and is the binding site for amino acid.

A

CCA (binding region; Can Carry Aminoacid)

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20
Q

Characteristics of the Genetic Code

A
  • Comma-less
  • Non-overlapping
  • Redundant
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21
Q

Characteristics of the Genetic Code

This refers to the constant reading from 5ā€™ to 3ā€™ direction regardless of the sequence

A

Comma-less

(no comma, dire diretso, walang pakealam kahit may deletion!)

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22
Q

Characteristics of the Genetic Code

This is when the ribosomes will give 1 amino acid for each codon.

A

Non-overlapping

(di pagsasamahin yung 2 same codons together as 1 amino acid)

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23
Q

Characteristics of the Genetic Code

This is how 1 amino acid can correspond to multiple codons.

A

Redundant

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24
Q

This principle is found in codons that are redundant where we substitute Inosine.

A

Wobble Phenomenon

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25
Q

This degenerate anticodon, has multivalent properties, and can combine with any other sequence.

A

Inosine

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26
Q

Wobble Effect/Inosine increases ________ of anticodon to its corresponding codon.

A

recognition potential

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27
Q

For Serine, Inosine can constitute for

A
  • Adenine
  • Uracil
  • Cytosine
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28
Q

Reason for Wobble Effect

A

decreases the rate of mutation

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29
Q

Arms of tRNA

A
  • TĪØC-Arm (T Psi arm)
  • D-arm
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30
Q

The TĪØC-Arm is also called the?

A

T loop arm

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31
Q

This arm contains the receptors for Thymidine and Uridine.

A

TĪØC-Arm

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32
Q

This arm allows the binding of amino acyl tRNA synthetase.

A

D-Arm

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33
Q

This will carry or charge the tRNA with the corresponding amino acid depending on the attached anticodon region by checking the anticodon loop.

A

Amino acyl tRNA synthetase

34
Q

Activity of synthetase requires?

A

energy

35
Q

Eukaryotic Ribosome

A

80s (large is 60s, small is 40s)

36
Q

This is the rate of sedimentation or weight.

A

Svedberg unit

37
Q

Prokaryotic Ribosome

A

70s (large is 50s, small is 30s)

38
Q

Prokaryotic ribosomes is important for?

A

antibiotics

39
Q

Antibiotics such as aminoglycosides, tetracyclines target the?

A

30s subunit

(prevent multiplication ng bacteria sa body)

40
Q

Phases of Translation

A
  • Initiation
  • Elongation
  • Termination
41
Q

Prokaryotic

This is found in the 5ā€™ downstream, starting line for initiation.

A

Shine Delgarno (SD) Sequence

42
Q

Prokaryotic

The Shine Delgarno Sequence is recognized by _____ in the small protein subunit.

A

16srRNA

43
Q

Shine Delgarno Sequence

A

GGAGGU

44
Q

This enters after the SD sequence binds with small protein subunit.

A

IF 3

45
Q

This prevents the premature arrival and attachment of large subunit.

A

IF 3

46
Q

T/F: Charged tRNA for prokaryotes must carry corresponding codon to AUG for IF 3 to enter.

A

True

47
Q

Charged tRNA for Prokaryotes carry?

A

N-formylmethionine

48
Q

Charged tRNA for Eukaryotes carry?

A

Methionine

49
Q

This IF carries Guanosine Triphosphate as source of energy.

A

IF 2

50
Q

IF 2 requires?

A

IF 1 (link to IF 3)

51
Q

GTP is reduced to?

A

GDP and Pyrophosphate (inorganic phosphate)

52
Q

The energy reduced from GTP is important in the attachment of?

A

large protein subunit to small protein subunit

53
Q

The 43s Preinitiation Complex is composed of?

A
  • Charged tRNA
  • IFs
  • GTP
54
Q

IF added to eIF1A and eIF3

A

eIF2

55
Q

The 43s Preinitiation Complex will attach to 5ā€™ downstream end with the help of?

A

eIF4

56
Q

Types of eIF4

A

4A, 4B, 4E, 4G

57
Q

eIF in the 5ā€™

A

eIF4E

58
Q

eIF in the 3ā€™

A

eIF4G

59
Q

The Preinitiation Complex will crawl along _____ to find the start codon

A

exon

60
Q

These eIFs control the movement of complex throughout the exon.

A

4E & 4G

61
Q

The Charged tRNA with anticodon for Methionine and amino acid, after binding to start codon, will enter what site?

A

Peptidyl site

62
Q

T/F: There will still be a recognition site if charged tRNA does not carry the anticodon.

A

False

63
Q

The Amino Acyl site is also known as?

A

Arrival site

64
Q

Three Sites in Elongation

A

Amino acyl site
Peptidyl site
Exit site

65
Q

T/F: Several tRNAs will enter the A site until there is an anticodon that matches the codon.

A

True

66
Q

This eEF carries GTP for the opening of A site and entry of tRNA.

A

eEF1

67
Q

This is created between amino acids upon removal of eEF1

A

Peptide Bond

68
Q

This enzyme pulls apart charged tRNA in P site to A site to form peptide bond.

A

Peptidyl Transferase

69
Q

The transfer from A to P, and P to E is called?

A

Translocation

70
Q

Translocation happens in the presence of?

A

eEF2

71
Q

The recycled tRNA is dependent on the action of?

A

Amino acyl tRNA syntethase

72
Q

This large protein will enter the A site once there is no corresponding anticodon (stop codon) and will cause amino acid to disassociate.

A

Release Factor

73
Q

Sites for protein synthesis

A

Ribosomes and Rough ER

74
Q

The ribosomes and rough ER are located near the?

A

nucleus

75
Q

Proteins synthesized by free ribosomes

A
  • Cytosolic
  • Nuclear
  • Mitochondrial enzymes
  • Peroxisomal enzymes
76
Q

Proteins synthesized by the rough E.R.

A
  • Lysosomal
  • Secreted
  • Membrane
77
Q

The Signal Sequence is recognized by?

A

Signal Recognition Protein

78
Q

This has GTP for opening of translocon.

A

Signal Recognition Protein

79
Q

Translation will happen by releasing in the?

A

lumen of Rough E.R.

80
Q

This is where Signal Sequence binds to cause translocon to open.

A

Signal Recognition Particle Receptor

81
Q

This cuts Signal Sequence to liberate protein to Rough E.R.

A

Signal Peptidase

82
Q

Proteins in RER will be?

A
  • released to ECF
  • released to cell membrane
  • become lysozome

MT6319 MOLBIO (10 decks)

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