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MT6319 MOLBIO > U2 LEC: NUCLEIC ACID STRUCTURE > Flashcards

U2 LEC: NUCLEIC ACID STRUCTURE Flashcards

1
Q

Two essential components of nucleus

A

Nuclear Membrane and Nuclear Pores

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2
Q

The nuclear membrane is studded by?

A

free ribosomes

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3
Q

Importance of free ribosomes in the nucleus

A

protein translation of MRNA

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4
Q

The inner membrane consists of a protein called?

A

Lamin

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5
Q

This protein is responsible for interaction with chromatin, and allows gene expression.

A

Lamin

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6
Q

This is a mutation in which an individual ages very rapidly.

A

Progeria

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7
Q

What goes out of nuclear pore?

A

messenger RNA

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8
Q

Messenger RNA cannot go back to the nucleus because it is already?

A

polyadenylated and cut

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9
Q

What comes in of the nuclear pore?

A

nucleotides (deoxyribonucleotides), transcription factors

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10
Q

Nucleolus contains?

A
  1. ribosomal rNA
  2. protein subunits
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11
Q

T/F: Nucleolus is not true for all cells, but true for mammalian cells.

A

True

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12
Q

What happens in the nucleolus?

A

ribosome formation

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13
Q

Densely packed chromatin

A

Heterochromatin

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14
Q

Loosely packed chromatin

A

Euchromatin

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15
Q

This chromatin is easier to translate because it is easily accessible by transcription factors.

A

Euchromatin

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16
Q

This is a protein which helps pack the DNA.

A

Histones

17
Q

Charge and residues of Histones

A

positive charge, Lysine and Arginine

18
Q

Characteristic appearance of Histones

A

bead-like structure

19
Q

This is formed once DNA loops with histones.

A

Nucleosomes

20
Q

Histone consists of how many subunits?

A

8 (octamer)

21
Q

Subunits of the histone protein

A

H2A, H2B, H3, H4 (2 each)

22
Q

Linker protein in histone which modifies the distance between nucleosomes, and alters compaction

A

H1

23
Q

This refers to DNA looped with histones.

A

Nucleosome

24
Q

T/F: If DNA is looped, it can still be accessible by transcription factors.

A

False

Only accessed once histone protein is modified (uncoil)

25
Q

This is important for the entire genome to fit.

A

Level of compaction and structure

26
Q

If you increase DNA by 1cm, how many times can it stretch around the globe?

A

5 times (single cell)

27
Q

DNA is what kind of structure?

A

polymeric (composed of subunits)

28
Q

What is the polymeric subunit of DNA?

A

Nucleotide

29
Q

Why does the human genome code more efficiently than any computer binary system?

A

human genome has 4 bases

30
Q

This allows storage of information and uses 4 sequences.

A

Gene drive

31
Q

This is a complex double ring nitrogenous base.

A

Purine

32
Q

Purine rings consist of?

A

Pyrimidine ring + Imidazole

33
Q

Pyrimidines

A

Cytosine
Uracil
Thymine

34
Q

Purines

A

Guanine
Adenine

MT6319 MOLBIO (6 decks)

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