U2 LEC: NUCLEIC ACID STRUCTURE

Question 1

Two essential components of nucleus

Answer 1

Nuclear Membrane and Nuclear Pores

Question 2

The nuclear membrane is studded by?

Answer 2

free ribosomes

Question 3

Importance of free ribosomes in the nucleus

Answer 3

protein translation of MRNA

Question 4

The inner membrane consists of a protein called?

Answer 4

Lamin

Question 5

This protein is responsible for interaction with chromatin, and allows gene expression.

Answer 5

Lamin

Question 6

This is a mutation in which an individual ages very rapidly.

Answer 6

Progeria

Question 7

What goes out of nuclear pore?

Answer 7

messenger RNA

Question 8

Messenger RNA cannot go back to the nucleus because it is already?

Answer 8

polyadenylated and cut

Question 9

What comes in of the nuclear pore?

Answer 9

nucleotides (deoxyribonucleotides), transcription factors

Question 10

Nucleolus contains?

Answer 10

1. ribosomal rNA
2. protein subunits

Question 11

T/F: Nucleolus is not true for all cells, but true for mammalian cells.

Answer 11

True

Question 12

What happens in the nucleolus?

Answer 12

ribosome formation

Question 13

Densely packed chromatin

Answer 13

Heterochromatin

Question 14

Loosely packed chromatin

Answer 14

Euchromatin

Question 15

This chromatin is easier to translate because it is easily accessible by transcription factors.

Answer 15

Euchromatin

Question 16

This is a protein which helps pack the DNA.

Answer 16

Histones

Question 17

Charge and residues of Histones

Answer 17

positive charge, Lysine and Arginine

Question 18

Characteristic appearance of Histones

Answer 18

bead-like structure

Question 19

This is formed once DNA loops with histones.

Answer 19

Nucleosomes

Question 20

Histone consists of how many subunits?

Answer 20

8 (octamer)

Question 21

Subunits of the histone protein

Answer 21

H2A, H2B, H3, H4 (2 each)

Question 22

Linker protein in histone which modifies the distance between nucleosomes, and alters compaction

Answer 22

H1

Question 23

This refers to DNA looped with histones.

Answer 23

Nucleosome

Question 24

T/F: If DNA is looped, it can still be accessible by transcription factors.

Answer 24

False

Only accessed once histone protein is modified (uncoil)

Question 25

This is important for the entire genome to fit.

Answer 25

Level of compaction and structure

Question 26

If you increase DNA by 1cm, how many times can it stretch around the globe?

Answer 26

5 times (single cell)

Question 27

DNA is what kind of structure?

Answer 27

polymeric (composed of subunits)

Question 28

What is the polymeric subunit of DNA?

Answer 28

Nucleotide

Question 29

Why does the human genome code more efficiently than any computer binary system?

Answer 29

human genome has 4 bases

Question 30

This allows storage of information and uses 4 sequences.

Answer 30

Gene drive

Question 31

This is a complex double ring nitrogenous base.

Answer 31

Purine

Question 32

Purine rings consist of?

Answer 32

Pyrimidine ring + Imidazole

Question 33

Pyrimidines

Answer 33

Cytosine
Uracil
Thymine

Question 34

Purines

Answer 34

Guanine
Adenine