U.3 K.A-7 Immunisation Flashcards
What name is given to the process by which a person develops immunity to a disease-causing organism?
Immunisation
What name is given to the type of immunity whereby a person gains protection as a result of the body producing its own antibodies?
Active immunity
If a person survives an infection and is then exposed at a later date again to the same infection, they are protected from it. What type of immunity have they gained?
A natural acquired immunity
If a person is vaccinated against a disease what has been introduces into the body?
A weakened form of the pathogen to act as an antigen and elicit an immune response
What is mixed with the antigen that will be administered as a vaccination?
An adjuvant
What is the purpose of an adjuvant?
To enhance the immune system
When a vaccination is introduced to the body, what cells are produced by the body?
- B lymphocytes
- T lymphocytes
- Antibodies
Does a vaccination cause the disease?
No
Following vaccination, what do some of the B and T lymphocytes remain behind as to initiate the secondary response if the person is exposed to the actual disease at a later date?
Memory cells
What type of immunity is granted by vaccines?
Artificial acquired immunity
What name is given to the form of protection whereby the non-immune minority are given indirect protection by the immune majority?
Herd immunity
Who does herd immunity provide protection for?
Vulnerable sub-groups of the population who must not be vaccinated because of a medical condition
What name is given to the percentage of immune individuals in a population above which a disease no longer managed to persist?
Herd immunity threshold
What three factors does the herd immunity threshold depend on?
- The pathogen’s virulence
- The vaccine’s effectiveness
- Density of the population
Name three diseases where mass vaccination programmes have managed to establish herd immunity in the UK.
- Tuberculosis
- Polio
- Smallpox
