U.3 K.A-3 Memory Flashcards

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1
Q

Name the three levels of memory.

A
  • Level 1: Sensory memory
  • Level 2: Short term memory
  • Level 3: Long term memory
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2
Q

What term is given to the conversion of a memory into a form that the brain can process and store?

A

Encoding

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3
Q

What name is given to the recovery of a memory from the short and long term memory that has been stored?

A

Retrieval

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4
Q

What name is given to the retention of information over a period of time in the brain?

A

Storage

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5
Q

How long do things remain in the sensory memory for?

A

0.5 seconds for visual images and 2 seconds for auditory information

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6
Q

How many items can the short term memory hold and for how long?

A

7 items for 30 seconds

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7
Q

After items enter the short term memory, if they are not transferred to long term memory what happens to them?

A

They are either displaced by new information coming in or lost by decay where they are just broken down

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8
Q

What name is given to the process by which a longer bit of information is split up into smaller meaningful units in order to increase the capacity of the short term memory?

A

Chunking

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9
Q

What name is given to the memory pattern whereby individuals can remember things at the start of the list and the end of the list of items?

A

Serial position effect

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10
Q

What name is given to the ability to recall items at the start of the list during a test for the serial position effect?

A

Primacy effect

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11
Q

What name is given to the ability to recall items at the end of a list during a test for the serial position effect?

A

Recency effect

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12
Q

Why is it that things at the start of the list can be remembered when investigating the serial position effect?

A

The items have been rehearsed and have had time to be transferred to long term memory

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13
Q

Why is it that things at the end of the list can be remembered when investigating the serial position effect?

A

The items are still in short term memory when you are asked to recall them because they are at the end of the list

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14
Q

What name is given to the ability of the short term memory to perform cognitive tasks such as imagining each of the rooms in your house and counting the number of windows in them to get an overall number of windows in the house?

A

Working memory

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15
Q

What are the three ways in which items from short term memory can be committed to long term memory?

A
  • Rehearsal
  • Organisation
  • Elaboration of meaning
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16
Q

What can a person do to increase the time that an item stays in short term memory as otherwise it would keep getting lost after 30 seconds?

A

Rehearsal (by saying over and over it keeps coming back into short term memory)

17
Q

What is rehearsal?

A

Repeating an item to yourself over and over again either out loud or silently to try and memorise it

18
Q

What is organisation?

A

Trying to organise a long list of items into logical categories

19
Q

What is elaboration of meaning?

A

It involves analysing the meaning of the item to be memorised and taking notes of its features. This means the item will have more interest and make more of an impression that is likely to be retained.

20
Q

Which form of encoding is classed as a deeper form of encoding and is more likely to be easily retrieved from long term memory later?

A

Elaboration of meaning

21
Q

Which form of encoding is is classed as a shallow form of encoding and is less likely to be easily retrieved from long term memory later?

A

Rehearsal

22
Q

What can help when trying to recall a memory from LTM?

A

Contextual cues

23
Q

What is a contextual cue?

A

A reminder of the memory. Something that was present at the time the memory was first encoded

24
Q

Give an example of something which could act as a contextual cue.

A

A piece of music or a smell