U2L4 The Essential Sugar Molecule Flashcards
what are amino acids?
the building blocks of protein
what are carbohydrates?
a biomolecule made of simple sugars
what is cellular respiration?
that process by which glucose and oxygen form ATP
what is dehydration synthesis?
a chemical reaction in which water is removed during the formation of a new molecule
what is glucose?
a simple 6-carbon sugar
what is a nucleotide?
the building blocks of nucleic acids
what is photosynthesis?
the process of changing light energy into stored chemical energy in the form of sugars
what is starch?
a carbohydrate that is made of long glucose chains
what are chloroplasts?
the organelles that perform photosynthesis
what happens during photosynthesis?
plants use light energy to produce glucose and oxygen from carbon dioxide and water
what is glucose?
a simple six-carbon sugar
Glucose molecules together to form larger…
carbohydrates
Oxygen has six electrons in its outer shell. How many more electrons can it hold?
two
Carbon has four electrons in its outer shell. How many more electrons can it hold?
four
Hydrogen has one electron in its outer shell. How many more electrons can it hold?
one
how are glucose molecules bonded in starch molecules?
glucose molecules are bonded to one another by an oxygen atom
where do glucose molecules bond?
OH OH site
what must happen for two glucose molecules to bond?
one glucose releases a hydrogen atom and the other glucose needs to release an OH OH group, allowing the carbons to bond with the remaining oxygen. the two released elements from water (H2O). this reaction is called the dehydration synthesis.
why is it called the dehydration synthesis?
because water is released in the process.
what is cellular respiration?
the process that produces the ATP from glucose and oxygen
what is ATP?
an energy molecule that can be used for many life processes, including the formation of different types of biomolecules
how does glycolysis use glucose?
uses it to produce ATP and pyruvate
what is pyruvate?
can be used to produce the amino acid alanine, which is needed to produce proteins.
what is another name for the citric acid cycle?
Krebs cycle
what does the krebs cycle produce?
molecules that can be used to make amino acids
How do animals receive nitrogen?
by eating plants, animals, and other organisms
(humans can make some amino acids to come from their diet)
what are nucleotides?
they are building blocks of nucleic acids
true or false.
all nucleotides also contains sugar
true
what is deoxyribose?
a sugar made from glucose molecule known as glucose-6-phosphate
what is yeast?
a single-celled fungi
true or false.
yeast are fungi, they perform photosynthesis
false, since yeast is fungi, they do not perform photosynthesis and must consume food to make the biomolecules
what is cellular respiration?
the process by which glucose ad oxygen from ATP
why does yeast make bread rise?
the yeast consumes the carbohydrates in the bread. this yeast will produce carbon dioxide gas during the process of cellular respiration. this gas causes the bread to rise.
