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9th: Honors Biology A > U2L2 The Building Blocks of Life > Flashcards

U2L2 The Building Blocks of Life Flashcards

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1
Q

What is ATP?

A

An energy-carrying molecule that is used by the cells of all living life

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2
Q

What is an autotroph?

A

organisms that make their own food

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3
Q

What is a biomolecule?

A

A molecule that is produced by a living thing

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4
Q

what is a carbohydrate?

A

a biomolecule made of simple sugars

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5
Q

what is carbon?

A

nonmetallic chemical element with an atomic number of 6 that bonds many other elements

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6
Q

what are covalent bonds?

A

the connection between two atoms when they share a pair of electrons

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7
Q

what is a hydrocarbon?

A

a compound made of hydrogen and carbon atoms

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8
Q

what is a lipid?

A

a biomolecule made of fatty acids

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9
Q

what is a marcromolecule?

A

a large molecule that contains many proteins

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10
Q

what is a nucleic acid?

A

a biomolecule made of amino acids

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11
Q

what is strach?

A

a carbohydrate that is made of long glucose chains

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12
Q

what is carbon?

A

a non-metallic element that makes up all living things

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13
Q

what does it mean that carbon has an atomic number of 6?

A

it has six protons in its nucleus

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14
Q

how many electrons does carbon have?

A

6, two in its inner shell and four in its outer shell

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15
Q

what are the maximum amount electrons carbon can hold in its outer shell?

A

8 electrons, so carbon’s outer shell can hold 4 more electron

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16
Q

when does a covalent bond occur?

A

when electrons are shared between atoms (think of atoms being co-owners of electrons

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17
Q

how many electrons does hydrogen have’

A

one electron

18
Q

what is the maximum amount of electrons hydrogen can hold in its outer shell?

A

two

19
Q

how many covalent bonds can carbon have with hydrpgen?

A

one

20
Q

how many electrons does oxygen have?

A

oxygen has 6 electrons in its outer shell

21
Q

how many covalent bonds can oxygen have with carbon?

A

it can form a double concealment bond with carbon in which two pairs of electrons are shared

22
Q

true of false.

a carbon atom can also bond covalently to another carbon atom.

A

true

23
Q

what is hydrocarbon?

A

a long chain of carbon bonded together covalently, sharing electrons

24
Q

what are hydrocarbons the backbone of?

A

biomolecules

25
Q

what are biomolecules?

A

molecules, such are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, that are produced by living things

26
Q

what are macromolecules?

A

they are large molecules that contain many different atoms

27
Q

what are some examples of marcomolecules?

A

carbohydrates
lipids
proteins
nucleic acids

28
Q

what are carbohydrates?

A

biomolecules whose building blocks are simple sugars, such as glucose and fructose. Carbohydrates are used to store energy for the body.

29
Q

what surcose?

A

(table sugar) a carbohydrate mace of glucose and fructose

30
Q

whagt are lipids?

A

biomolecules that are made up of fatty acids- Life carbohydrates, lipids store energy.

31
Q

what is cholesterol?

A

a type of lipid found in the cell membranes, the can br used to create hormones

32
Q

what a protien?

A

biomolecule that is made up of amino acids as their building blocks. Proteins perform many functions your body, such as building and repairing structures, catalyzing chemical reactions, and producing hormones.

33
Q

what are nuleic acids?

A

biomolecules that are made up of nucleotides as their building blocks. Nucleic acids store genetic material.

34
Q

how do you get amino acids?

A

your body can produce some amino acids, and some amino acids must come from your diet

35
Q

what do plants use glucose for?

A

to produce ATP, a usable form of energy by the cell (glucose can also make other things like starch)

36
Q

what do plants use starch for?

A

it is used to store energy

37
Q

what needs to happen for plants to make amino acids?

A

glucose needs to chemically react with nitrogen compounds that the plants absorb from the soil

38
Q

what are amino acids used to make?

A

proteins

39
Q

what are amino acids needed for?

A

to turn the food you eat into the molecules your body needs to survive

40
Q

what is glycogen?

A

a carbohydrate that is made up of glucose molecules. Glycogen is the main storage for glucose in the human body

41
Q

what are autotrophs?

A

organisms that can make their own food

42
Q

what is a chemoautotroph?

A

an organism that can make food through chemosynthesis, a process that uses chemical energy, carbon dioxide, and water to make glucose. Chemical energy comes from nitrogen, iron, or sulfur chemicals present in the organism’s environment

9th: Honors Biology A (16 decks)

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