U2L2 The Building Blocks of Life Flashcards
What is ATP?
An energy-carrying molecule that is used by the cells of all living life
What is an autotroph?
organisms that make their own food
What is a biomolecule?
A molecule that is produced by a living thing
what is a carbohydrate?
a biomolecule made of simple sugars
what is carbon?
nonmetallic chemical element with an atomic number of 6 that bonds many other elements
what are covalent bonds?
the connection between two atoms when they share a pair of electrons
what is a hydrocarbon?
a compound made of hydrogen and carbon atoms
what is a lipid?
a biomolecule made of fatty acids
what is a marcromolecule?
a large molecule that contains many proteins
what is a nucleic acid?
a biomolecule made of amino acids
what is strach?
a carbohydrate that is made of long glucose chains
what is carbon?
a non-metallic element that makes up all living things
what does it mean that carbon has an atomic number of 6?
it has six protons in its nucleus
how many electrons does carbon have?
6, two in its inner shell and four in its outer shell
what are the maximum amount electrons carbon can hold in its outer shell?
8 electrons, so carbon’s outer shell can hold 4 more electron
when does a covalent bond occur?
when electrons are shared between atoms (think of atoms being co-owners of electrons
how many electrons does hydrogen have’
one electron
what is the maximum amount of electrons hydrogen can hold in its outer shell?
two
how many covalent bonds can carbon have with hydrpgen?
one
how many electrons does oxygen have?
oxygen has 6 electrons in its outer shell
how many covalent bonds can oxygen have with carbon?
it can form a double concealment bond with carbon in which two pairs of electrons are shared
true of false.
a carbon atom can also bond covalently to another carbon atom.
true
what is hydrocarbon?
a long chain of carbon bonded together covalently, sharing electrons
what are hydrocarbons the backbone of?
biomolecules
what are biomolecules?
molecules, such are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, that are produced by living things
what are macromolecules?
they are large molecules that contain many different atoms
what are some examples of marcomolecules?
carbohydrates
lipids
proteins
nucleic acids
what are carbohydrates?
biomolecules whose building blocks are simple sugars, such as glucose and fructose. Carbohydrates are used to store energy for the body.
what surcose?
(table sugar) a carbohydrate mace of glucose and fructose
whagt are lipids?
biomolecules that are made up of fatty acids- Life carbohydrates, lipids store energy.
what is cholesterol?
a type of lipid found in the cell membranes, the can br used to create hormones
what a protien?
biomolecule that is made up of amino acids as their building blocks. Proteins perform many functions your body, such as building and repairing structures, catalyzing chemical reactions, and producing hormones.
what are nuleic acids?
biomolecules that are made up of nucleotides as their building blocks. Nucleic acids store genetic material.
how do you get amino acids?
your body can produce some amino acids, and some amino acids must come from your diet
what do plants use glucose for?
to produce ATP, a usable form of energy by the cell (glucose can also make other things like starch)
what do plants use starch for?
it is used to store energy
what needs to happen for plants to make amino acids?
glucose needs to chemically react with nitrogen compounds that the plants absorb from the soil
what are amino acids used to make?
proteins
what are amino acids needed for?
to turn the food you eat into the molecules your body needs to survive
what is glycogen?
a carbohydrate that is made up of glucose molecules. Glycogen is the main storage for glucose in the human body
what are autotrophs?
organisms that can make their own food
what is a chemoautotroph?
an organism that can make food through chemosynthesis, a process that uses chemical energy, carbon dioxide, and water to make glucose. Chemical energy comes from nitrogen, iron, or sulfur chemicals present in the organism’s environment
