U2L3 What All Biomolecules Have in Common Flashcards
what are amino acids?
the building blocks of proteins
what is disaccharide?
a sugar made up of 2 monosaccharides
what is an enzyme?
proteins that speed up chemical reactions
what are fatty acids?
the building blocks of lipids
what are monosaccharides?
a simple sugar made up of one sugar molecule
what is a nucleic acid?
a biomolecule that contains genetic material
what are lipids?
biomolecules that makeup cell membranes; store energy, and act as chemical messengers in the body
what are polysaccharides?
a sugar made up 3 or more monosaccharides
what are proteins?
used to build body tissue and perform the life functions of cells
what is starch?
a polysaccharide made up of long strand of glucose molecules
what 3 elements enter the photosynthesis reaction?
carbon
oxygen
hydrogen
what three elements up glucose?
carbon
oxygen
hydrogen
what process makes glucose?
photosynthesis
true or false.
glucose is a polysaccharide.
false, glucose is a monosaccharide
what does monosaccharide?
mono means “one” and saccharide means “sugar”
monosaccharides are made up of one sugar
what are the building blocks of carbohydrates?
sugars
what are carbohydrates?
biomolecules that provide energy and structure to organisms
what are disaccharides?
made up of two sugars molecules
why is lactose a disaccharides?
it is made up of two sugars: one glucose molecule and one galactose molecule
why is starch a polysaccharide?
it is made up of long stands of glucose molecules
what do monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides have in common?
they all have carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
what does the word amino refer to?
the amino group present in all animal acids
what do amino groups contain?
a nitrogen atom bonded by two hydrogens
where do plants get nitrogen?
the soil
what are carboxyl groups?
amino acids also have carboxyl groups that consist of a carbon bonded to an OH group and double-bonded oxygen
what is the R-group of amino acids
the R-group, or side group, is unique to each amino acid
What elements do all proteins have?
carbon
hydrogen
oxygen
nitrogen
what do ribose and deoxyribose make?
the two sugars that make up nucleic acids
what makes ribose and deoxyribose?
glucose
what are nucleic acids?
biomolecules that store genetic information for body cells
what nucleotides?
the building blocks of nucleic acids
what are lipids?
biomolecule that makes up cell membranes, stores energy, and acts as chemical messengers in the body
what are the building blocks of fatty acids?
fatty acids
what are triglycerides?
they are fats that store energy in the body.
what is cholestrol?
is another type of lipid. you need some cholesterol to make cell membranes and hormones
what are phosholipids?
they make up the structure of cell membranes. these lipids have hydrophobic tails that repel water. this allows water and organelles to stay inside the cell. they also have hydrophilic heads that attract water. this allows the cell to survive in a water-based environment.
what is serine?
a carboxyl group, an amino group, and an R group
true or false
ribose and deoxyribose are 5-carbon monosaccharides
true
true or false.
glucose is a 6-carbon
true
what are enymes?
are proteins that speed up chemical reactions, and proteins are made up of a chain of amino acids
what is lactase?
an enzyme that breaks down lactose, a disaccharide found in dairy products. it breaks down lactose into monosaccharides
