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9th: Honors Biology A > U2L3 What All Biomolecules Have in Common > Flashcards

U2L3 What All Biomolecules Have in Common Flashcards

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1
Q

what are amino acids?

A

the building blocks of proteins

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2
Q

what is disaccharide?

A

a sugar made up of 2 monosaccharides

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3
Q

what is an enzyme?

A

proteins that speed up chemical reactions

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4
Q

what are fatty acids?

A

the building blocks of lipids

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5
Q

what are monosaccharides?

A

a simple sugar made up of one sugar molecule

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6
Q

what is a nucleic acid?

A

a biomolecule that contains genetic material

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7
Q

what are lipids?

A

biomolecules that makeup cell membranes; store energy, and act as chemical messengers in the body

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8
Q

what are polysaccharides?

A

a sugar made up 3 or more monosaccharides

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9
Q

what are proteins?

A

used to build body tissue and perform the life functions of cells

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10
Q

what is starch?

A

a polysaccharide made up of long strand of glucose molecules

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11
Q

what 3 elements enter the photosynthesis reaction?

A

carbon
oxygen
hydrogen

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12
Q

what three elements up glucose?

A

carbon
oxygen
hydrogen

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13
Q

what process makes glucose?

A

photosynthesis

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14
Q

true or false.

glucose is a polysaccharide.

A

false, glucose is a monosaccharide

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15
Q

what does monosaccharide?

A

mono means “one” and saccharide means “sugar”
monosaccharides are made up of one sugar

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16
Q

what are the building blocks of carbohydrates?

A

sugars

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17
Q

what are carbohydrates?

A

biomolecules that provide energy and structure to organisms

18
Q

what are disaccharides?

A

made up of two sugars molecules

19
Q

why is lactose a disaccharides?

A

it is made up of two sugars: one glucose molecule and one galactose molecule

20
Q

why is starch a polysaccharide?

A

it is made up of long stands of glucose molecules

21
Q

what do monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides have in common?

A

they all have carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

22
Q

what does the word amino refer to?

A

the amino group present in all animal acids

23
Q

what do amino groups contain?

A

a nitrogen atom bonded by two hydrogens

24
Q

where do plants get nitrogen?

A

the soil

25
Q

what are carboxyl groups?

A

amino acids also have carboxyl groups that consist of a carbon bonded to an OH group and double-bonded oxygen

26
Q

what is the R-group of amino acids

A

the R-group, or side group, is unique to each amino acid

27
Q

What elements do all proteins have?

A

carbon
hydrogen
oxygen
nitrogen

28
Q

what do ribose and deoxyribose make?

A

the two sugars that make up nucleic acids

29
Q

what makes ribose and deoxyribose?

A

glucose

30
Q

what are nucleic acids?

A

biomolecules that store genetic information for body cells

31
Q

what nucleotides?

A

the building blocks of nucleic acids

32
Q

what are lipids?

A

biomolecule that makes up cell membranes, stores energy, and acts as chemical messengers in the body

33
Q

what are the building blocks of fatty acids?

A

fatty acids

34
Q

what are triglycerides?

A

they are fats that store energy in the body.

35
Q

what is cholestrol?

A

is another type of lipid. you need some cholesterol to make cell membranes and hormones

36
Q

what are phosholipids?

A

they make up the structure of cell membranes. these lipids have hydrophobic tails that repel water. this allows water and organelles to stay inside the cell. they also have hydrophilic heads that attract water. this allows the cell to survive in a water-based environment.

37
Q

what is serine?

A

a carboxyl group, an amino group, and an R group

38
Q

true or false

ribose and deoxyribose are 5-carbon monosaccharides

A

true

39
Q

true or false.

glucose is a 6-carbon

A

true

40
Q

what are enymes?

A

are proteins that speed up chemical reactions, and proteins are made up of a chain of amino acids

41
Q

what is lactase?

A

an enzyme that breaks down lactose, a disaccharide found in dairy products. it breaks down lactose into monosaccharides

9th: Honors Biology A (16 decks)

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