U2 KA1 Flashcards
1
Q
What is an organisms Metabolism?
A
- the chemical processes that occur within an organism.
2
Q
What are metabolic pathways?
A
- a series of enzyme catalysed reactions within a cell.
- they can have reversible and irreversible stages.
3
Q
What is a catabolic reaction?
A
- a reaction where large complex molecules are broken down into smaller ones, releasing energy.
4
Q
What is an anabolic reaction?
A
- a reaction where smaller molecules build up to make larger ones, requiring energy.
5
Q
What is the cell membrane composed of?
A
- a phospholipid bilayer
- protein molecules
6
Q
What are the main proteins found in the membrane?
A
- protein pumps
- protein pores
- enzymes and receptors
7
Q
What is the role of a protein pump?
A
- to transport nutrients and waste products across the membrane by active transport.
8
Q
What is the role of a protein pore?
A
- to transport nutrients and waste products across the membrane by passive transport.
9
Q
What is an enzyme?
A
- a biological catalyst that speeds up a reaction.
10
Q
How are metabolic pathways controlled?
A
- by the presence or absence of particular enzymes.
11
Q
What is induced fit?
A
- when a substrate binds to an enzyme, the enzyme will alter its shape so that the active site is a better fit for the substrate.
12
Q
How do enzymes speed up reactions?
A
- by lowering their activation energy.
- they speed up a reaction allowing it to occur at a lower energy.
13
Q
Substrate Affinity
A
- substrate molecules have a high affinity for the enzyme’s active site.
14
Q
Product Affinity
A
- product molecules have a low affinity for the enzyme’s active site, allowing them to break free.
15
Q
How does substrate concentration affect enzyme activity?
A
- as the concentration of the substrate increases, the activity of the enzyme increases.
