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Higher Biology > U1 KA7 > Flashcards

U1 KA7 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is evolution?

A
  • the changes in organisms over generations as a result of genomic variations.
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2
Q

What is genomic variation?

A
  • differences in the DNA sequences of individuals in a population.
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3
Q

What is Natural Selection?

A
  • the non-random process by which species adapt and change as a result of selection pressures.
  • the organisms that are best adapted to their surroundings have the best chance of survival.
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4
Q

What is stabilising selection?

A
  • when selection pressures go against extreme variants and favour the average traits.
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5
Q

What is directional selection?

A
  • one extreme variation is selected for, and selection pressures go against the average and other extreme.
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6
Q

What is disruptive selection?

A
  • selection pressures go against the average, and the two extremes are selected for.
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7
Q

What is Vertical inheritance?

A
  • the transfer of genetic sequences from parent to offspring, as a result of sexual or asexual reproduction.
  • the occurs in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes.
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8
Q

What is horizontal inheritance?

A
  • the transfer of genetic info from one cell to another within the same generation.
  • occurs in prokaryotes.
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9
Q

What are the benefits of horizontal inheritance.

A
  • horizontal inheritance allows prokaryotes to undergo rapid evolutionary change.
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10
Q

What is a species?

A
  • a group of fertile interbreeding organisms whose offspring is fertile.
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11
Q

What is Speciation?

A
  • the process in which a new distinct population is formed from an evolved population.
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12
Q

What is Allopatric Speciation?

A
  • when gene flow is prevented by a geographical barrier.
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13
Q

What is a geographical barrier?

A
  • a physical barrier.
  • eg. Mountains, Rivers.
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14
Q

What is sympatric speciation?

A
  • when two populations live near each other but are separated by behavioural or ecological barriers.
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15
Q

What is an ecological barrier?

A
  • when organisms favour different conditions.
  • eg. pH, Salt Water.
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16
Q

What is a behavioural barrier?

A
  • when certain mating rituals create a reproductive barrier.
17
Q

How to infections build up resistance to antibiotics? (2)

A
  • some resistant survive.
  • they pass on resistance gene (vertically/horizontally).

Higher Biology (22 decks)

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