U.2 K.A-8 Blood Glucose Levels And Obesity Flashcards
How much sugar should be in the blood plasma usually
Around 5millimoles per litre (5mmol/l)
How much sugar can be found in the blood of a diabetic person
Sometimes as much as 30mmol/l
Which part of the blood vessels absorbs the excess glucose of a diabetic person
The endothelium of the blood vessels
What happens to blood vessels that take in more glucose then usual
They become weaker and burst and bleed into surrounding tissue
What name is given to the condition caused by blood vessels that burst due to the weight of glucose in them
Microvascular disease
What organs can microvascular disease affect
Retina of the eyes, kidneys and the body’s extremities like the arms and legs
What is glucose stored as in the liver
Glycogen
Whenever glucose concentrations rises following a meal, receptors cells in which organ detects it
Pancreas
Which hormone is released by the pancreas following a rise in blood glucose levels
Insulin
What organ does insulin hormone released by the pancreas go to
The liver
What reaction is triggered in the liver by the hormone insulin
Glucose -> glycogen
When glucose is converted to glycogen in the liver, what does this do to the blood glucose levels
Lowers it
Whenever glucose levels fall and are gone from the blood following a period without food or after sleeping, which organ detects it
The pancreas
Which hormone is released by the pancreas following a fall in blood glucose levels
Glucagon
What organ does glucagon hormone released by the pancreas go to
The liver
What reaction if trigged in the liver by the hormone glucagon
Glycogen -> glucose
When glucagon is converted to glucose in the liver and the glucose is released into the blood, that does this do to blood glucose levels
Raises it
The constant returning of glucose levels to a set point operates on what principle
Negative feedback control
Which hormone can promote the conversion of more glycogen -> glucose in the liver to increase the supplies of glucose in the blood
Adrenaline
When would adrenaline be released
During exercise or the “fight or flight” reactions
Name the two types of diabetes
Type 1 and type 2
Which type of diabetes is not linked to obesity
Type 1
Which type of diabetes is linked to obesity
Type 2
How is type 1 diabetes controlled
By insulin injection and careful diet
In which type of diabetes are the receptors for insulin decreased and less sensitive to insulin
Type 2
Which type of diabetes tends to occur in childhood
Type 1
What would be found in the urine of a diabetic person
Glucose
What test do doctors carry out to diagnose diabetes
Glucose tolerance test
Give a brief description of the glucose tolerance test
Persons fasts for 8 hours.
Blood glucose levels measures.
Person given a drink loaded with a known amount of glucose.
The blood glucose levels are then monitored to see if they come back down to normal within 2.5 hours.
The results are plotted to give a glucose tolerance curve.
What condition is characterised by the accumulation of excess fat compared to lean tissue such as muscle
Obesity
Give three health problems caused by obesity
Osteoarthritis, cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes
What is the formula for calculating Body Mass index
(BMI) - weight (kg) divided by height in metres squared
Who might a BMI not be accurate
Bodybuilders as muscle weighs more than fat and so the BMI might come out higher than it should be
