U.2 K.A-8 Blood Glucose Levels And Obesity

Question 1

How much sugar should be in the blood plasma usually

Answer 1

Around 5millimoles per litre (5mmol/l)

Question 2

How much sugar can be found in the blood of a diabetic person

Answer 2

Sometimes as much as 30mmol/l

Question 3

Which part of the blood vessels absorbs the excess glucose of a diabetic person

Answer 3

The endothelium of the blood vessels

Question 4

What happens to blood vessels that take in more glucose then usual

Answer 4

They become weaker and burst and bleed into surrounding tissue

Question 5

What name is given to the condition caused by blood vessels that burst due to the weight of glucose in them

Answer 5

Microvascular disease

Question 6

What organs can microvascular disease affect

Answer 6

Retina of the eyes, kidneys and the body’s extremities like the arms and legs

Question 7

What is glucose stored as in the liver

Answer 7

Glycogen

Question 8

Whenever glucose concentrations rises following a meal, receptors cells in which organ detects it

Answer 8

Pancreas

Question 9

Which hormone is released by the pancreas following a rise in blood glucose levels

Answer 9

Insulin

Question 10

What organ does insulin hormone released by the pancreas go to

Answer 10

The liver

Question 11

What reaction is triggered in the liver by the hormone insulin

Answer 11

Glucose -> glycogen

Question 12

When glucose is converted to glycogen in the liver, what does this do to the blood glucose levels

Answer 12

Lowers it

Question 13

Whenever glucose levels fall and are gone from the blood following a period without food or after sleeping, which organ detects it

Answer 13

The pancreas

Question 14

Which hormone is released by the pancreas following a fall in blood glucose levels

Answer 14

Glucagon

Question 15

What organ does glucagon hormone released by the pancreas go to

Answer 15

The liver

Question 16

What reaction if trigged in the liver by the hormone glucagon

Answer 16

Glycogen -> glucose

Question 17

When glucagon is converted to glucose in the liver and the glucose is released into the blood, that does this do to blood glucose levels

Answer 17

Raises it

Question 18

The constant returning of glucose levels to a set point operates on what principle

Answer 18

Negative feedback control

Question 19

Which hormone can promote the conversion of more glycogen -> glucose in the liver to increase the supplies of glucose in the blood

Answer 19

Adrenaline

Question 20

When would adrenaline be released

Answer 20

During exercise or the “fight or flight” reactions

Question 21

Name the two types of diabetes

Answer 21

Type 1 and type 2

Question 22

Which type of diabetes is not linked to obesity

Answer 22

Type 1

Question 23

Which type of diabetes is linked to obesity

Answer 23

Type 2

Question 24

How is type 1 diabetes controlled

Answer 24

By insulin injection and careful diet

Question 25

In which type of diabetes are the receptors for insulin decreased and less sensitive to insulin

Answer 25

Type 2

Question 26

Which type of diabetes tends to occur in childhood

Answer 26

Type 1

Question 27

What would be found in the urine of a diabetic person

Answer 27

Glucose

Question 28

What test do doctors carry out to diagnose diabetes

Answer 28

Glucose tolerance test

Question 29

Give a brief description of the glucose tolerance test

Answer 29

Persons fasts for 8 hours. Blood glucose levels measures. Person given a drink loaded with a known amount of glucose. The blood glucose levels are then monitored to see if they come back down to normal within 2.5 hours. The results are plotted to give a glucose tolerance curve.

Question 30

What condition is characterised by the accumulation of excess fat compared to lean tissue such as muscle

Answer 30

Obesity

Question 31

Give three health problems caused by obesity

Answer 31

Osteoarthritis, cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes

Question 32

What is the formula for calculating Body Mass index

Answer 32

(BMI) - weight (kg) divided by height in metres squared

Question 33

Who might a BMI not be accurate

Answer 33

Bodybuilders as muscle weighs more than fat and so the BMI might come out higher than it should be