U.2 K.A-3 Biology Of Controlling Fertility Flashcards
Which of the sexes is described as being cyclically fertile
Females
How is the fact that males can make sperm throughout the month described
Continuously fertile
Roughly how long does female fertility last per month
1-2 days after ovulation
What two indicators are there in females that they are entering their fertile period
Temperature rises by about 0.5 degrees and the cervical mucus thins
What hormone allows the body temperature in females to rise by about 0.5 degrees around about puberty time
Progesterone
Which hormone causes the cervical mucus to thin around ovulation time
Oestrogen
If a female fails to ovulate it may be because they fail to make FSH or LH. What treatment can be given
Fertility drugs that contain FSH or LH
What name is given to the fertility treatment whereby semen is introduced into the female reproductive tract in a means other than sexual intercourse
Artificial insemination
Why would artificial insemination be used as a fertility treatment
If the man has a low sperm count or a sperm donor is being used
What name is given to the process by which the fertilisation process occurs in a dish
IVF (in vitro fertilisation)
Under which circumstances would IVF be used as a fertility treatment
If the female has a blockage in the oviduct then the egg and sperm will be unable to meet
What screening techniques should a used to check embryos during IVF for general chromosomal abnormalities
PGS (pre-implantation genetic screening)
What screening technique is used to check embryos during IVF for a known chromosomal abnormalities
PGD (pre-implantation genetic diagnosis)
During IVF, if a mans sperm count is low then many of the sperm are defective. What technique can be used during IVF to overcome this
Intracytoplasmic sperm injection
ICSI
What is ICSI (intrcyoplasmic sperm injection)
Technique which involves taking a healthy sperm and injecting it directly into an egg being held in a holding tool. It is used during IVF
Name three barrier methods of contraception that physically prevent an egg from meeting a sperm
Condom, diaphragm and cervical cap
Name the device inserted into the uterus that is a plastic structure with copper would round it to irritate the lining of the uterus and prevent an embryo from implanting
IUD
What is the equivalent of a vasectomy in females where the oviduct are cut and tied to prevent egg meeting sperm and reaching the uterus
Tubal ligation
Name two hormones found in the combined pill
Oestrogen and progesterone
How does the combined pill prevent pregnancy
High levels of oestrogen and progesterone prevent FSH and LH from being released. No egg is matured in the follicle or released during ovulation. Effectively there is no egg to fertilise
Why does a period still happen when taking the combined pill
A pill is taken for 3 weeks with high levels of oestrogen and progesterone. During the 4th week, no pill is taken and the levels fall. This results in menstruation
How is the morning after pill different from the combined pill
The morning after pill had higher doses of oestrogen and progesterone
Up to how many hours after unprotected sex can the morning after pill be taken
Up to 72 hours later
What hormones are contained in the mini pill
Progesterone only
How does the mini pill prevent pregnancy
The progesterone levels causes the cervical mucus to remain thick at all times to stop sperm being able to reach the egg
What name is given to the introduction of semen into the female reproductive tract naturally as a result of sexual intercourse
Insemination
Name the stelisation procedure in men where the sperm ducts are cut and tied to prevent sperm being released during sexual activity
Vasectomy
