U.2 K.A-3 Biology Of Controlling Fertility

Question 1

Which of the sexes is described as being cyclically fertile

Answer 1

Females

Question 2

How is the fact that males can make sperm throughout the month described

Answer 2

Continuously fertile

Question 3

Roughly how long does female fertility last per month

Answer 3

1-2 days after ovulation

Question 4

What two indicators are there in females that they are entering their fertile period

Answer 4

Temperature rises by about 0.5 degrees and the cervical mucus thins

Question 5

What hormone allows the body temperature in females to rise by about 0.5 degrees around about puberty time

Answer 5

Progesterone

Question 6

Which hormone causes the cervical mucus to thin around ovulation time

Answer 6

Oestrogen

Question 7

If a female fails to ovulate it may be because they fail to make FSH or LH. What treatment can be given

Answer 7

Fertility drugs that contain FSH or LH

Question 8

What name is given to the fertility treatment whereby semen is introduced into the female reproductive tract in a means other than sexual intercourse

Answer 8

Artificial insemination

Question 9

Why would artificial insemination be used as a fertility treatment

Answer 9

If the man has a low sperm count or a sperm donor is being used

Question 10

What name is given to the process by which the fertilisation process occurs in a dish

Answer 10

IVF (in vitro fertilisation)

Question 11

Under which circumstances would IVF be used as a fertility treatment

Answer 11

If the female has a blockage in the oviduct then the egg and sperm will be unable to meet

Question 12

What screening techniques should a used to check embryos during IVF for general chromosomal abnormalities

Answer 12

PGS (pre-implantation genetic screening)

Question 13

What screening technique is used to check embryos during IVF for a known chromosomal abnormalities

Answer 13

PGD (pre-implantation genetic diagnosis)

Question 14

During IVF, if a mans sperm count is low then many of the sperm are defective. What technique can be used during IVF to overcome this

Answer 14

Intracytoplasmic sperm injection

ICSI

Question 15

What is ICSI (intrcyoplasmic sperm injection)

Answer 15

Technique which involves taking a healthy sperm and injecting it directly into an egg being held in a holding tool. It is used during IVF

Question 16

Name three barrier methods of contraception that physically prevent an egg from meeting a sperm

Answer 16

Condom, diaphragm and cervical cap

Question 17

Name the device inserted into the uterus that is a plastic structure with copper would round it to irritate the lining of the uterus and prevent an embryo from implanting

Answer 17

IUD

Question 18

What is the equivalent of a vasectomy in females where the oviduct are cut and tied to prevent egg meeting sperm and reaching the uterus

Answer 18

Tubal ligation

Question 19

Name two hormones found in the combined pill

Answer 19

Oestrogen and progesterone

Question 20

How does the combined pill prevent pregnancy

Answer 20

High levels of oestrogen and progesterone prevent FSH and LH from being released. No egg is matured in the follicle or released during ovulation. Effectively there is no egg to fertilise

Question 21

Why does a period still happen when taking the combined pill

Answer 21

A pill is taken for 3 weeks with high levels of oestrogen and progesterone. During the 4th week, no pill is taken and the levels fall. This results in menstruation

Question 22

How is the morning after pill different from the combined pill

Answer 22

The morning after pill had higher doses of oestrogen and progesterone

Question 23

Up to how many hours after unprotected sex can the morning after pill be taken

Answer 23

Up to 72 hours later

Question 24

What hormones are contained in the mini pill

Answer 24

Progesterone only

Question 25

How does the mini pill prevent pregnancy

Answer 25

The progesterone levels causes the cervical mucus to remain thick at all times to stop sperm being able to reach the egg

Question 26

What name is given to the introduction of semen into the female reproductive tract naturally as a result of sexual intercourse

Answer 26

Insemination

Question 27

Name the stelisation procedure in men where the sperm ducts are cut and tied to prevent sperm being released during sexual activity

Answer 27

Vasectomy