Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Unit 2: Higher Human Biology > U.2 K.A-7 Pathology Of Cardiovascular Disease > Flashcards

U.2 K.A-7 Pathology Of Cardiovascular Disease Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Atherosclerosis is characterised by the formation of plaques, what are these called

A

Atheromas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are atheromas composed of

A

Fatty material like cholesterol and calcium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What do the presence of atheromas do the size of the lumen in blood vessels

A

Reduces their diameter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What do atheromas do to blood pressure

A

Increased blood pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What do atheromas do to walls of arteries

A

They cause the loss of elasticity and causes them to become hardened

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What can the condition atherosclerosis lead to later in life

A

Cardiovascular diseases such as strokes and heart attacks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What name is given to the blood vessels on the surface of the heart that provides the cardiac muscle with oxygenated blood

A

Coronary arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

If the coronary arteries get blocked it can sometimes cause a crushing pain in the centre of the chest, what is this condition called

A

Angina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Angina is often the warning sign that you could suffer what event in the future

A

Heart attack

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

In blood clotting, clotting factors are released whenever the cells suffer damage to try and prevent blood loss at a wound. Clotting factors cause the inactive enzyme prothrombin to turn into what

A

Active enzyme called thrombin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The enzyme thrombin converts the soluble plasma protein fibrinogen into what

A

Insoluble fibrin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What gathers at a framework of fibrin threads

A

Platelets forming a blood clot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What name is given to the lining of the artery

A

Endothelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What do atheromas do to the lining of the artery (endothelium)

A

Burst through it and damages it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the name of the blood clotting process

A

Thrombosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the other name for a blood clot formed in thrombosis

A

Thrombus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The thrombus (blood clot) has a risk of breaking free and becoming loose, what is it known as now

A

Embolus

18
Q

If an embolus travels to the heart and blocks the artery in the heart, what can this result in

A

Heart attack

19
Q

If an embolus travels to the brain and blocks the brain argues, what can this result in

A

Stroke

20
Q

What name is given to the arteries other than the carotid artery, coronary artery and aorta

A

Peripheral arteries

21
Q

What can a blockage of the peripheral arteries by the atheromas from atherosclerosis lead to

A

Peripheral vascular disease

22
Q

What part of the body does peripheral vascular disease commonly affect

A

The leg muscles and pain is felt because they are starved of oxygen

23
Q

What name is given to the formation of a blood clot in a vein

A

Deep vein thrombosis

24
Q

If an embolus blocks a blood vessel in the lungs what can it causes

A

A pulmonary embolism

25
Q

What is cholesterol used to make in the body

A

The sex hormone and a component of cell membranes

26
Q

What is cholesterol synthesised from

A

Saturated fats

27
Q

Where is cholesterol made

A

In all cells but 25% of it is produced in the liver

28
Q

What are lipoprotein made from

A

Lipid and proteins

29
Q

Lipoprotein are found in the blood plasma but where are they made

A

Liver

30
Q

What is the job of lipoproteins

A

To transport cholesterol

31
Q

What are the two types of lipoprotein

A

Low density lipoprotein (LDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL)

32
Q

Which type of lipoprotein transports cholesterol form the liver towards the body cells

A

Low density lipoprotein LDL

33
Q

What receptors are made on the surface of cells in order to be able to take in cholesterol into the cells

A

LDL receptors

34
Q

When the LDL receptors bind with an LDL carrying cholesterol, they are able to deposit cholesterol in the cell. When the cell cannot take in any more, what happens to the receptors

A

New LDL receptors stop being made

35
Q

Where does the LDLs carrying cholesterol end up if they cannot enter a cell that is full up with cholesterol and doesn’t have any new LDL receptors on it

A

It gather in the blood stream and is taken up by endothelium of an artery

36
Q

What happens to the cholesterol that ends up in the endothelium

A

It causes the formation of atheromas

37
Q

What would increase the chances of a person depositing cholesterol in atheromas under the endometrium

A

If they eat a diet rich in saturated fats throughout their life

38
Q

What do HDL (high-density lipoprotein) do

A

Transport cholesterol from body cells to the liver for elimination

39
Q

Are HDLs carrying cholesterol taken into the endothelium to contribute to atheromas

A

No

40
Q

What two factors can result in a raised HDL level

A

Eating a diet in unsaturated fats and exercising

41
Q

Name the drug invoked in stopping the synthesis of cholesterol in the liver

A

Statins

Unit 2: Higher Human Biology (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions