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Unit 2: Higher Human Biology > U.2 K.A-6 Structure And Function Of The Heart > Flashcards

U.2 K.A-6 Structure And Function Of The Heart Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 4 chambers of the heart

A

Right atrium
Left atrium
Right ventricle
Left ventricle

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2
Q

Which type of blood vessel carries blood towards the heart

A

Veins

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3
Q

Which type of blood vessel carries blood away form the heart

A

Arteries

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4
Q

Name the blood vessel that carries deoxygenated blood from the body (one branch from the upper parts of the body and one branch from the lower half of the body) back to the heart and enters the right atrium

A

Vena cava

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5
Q

Name the chamber that blood travels to from the right atrium

A

Right ventricle

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6
Q

Name the valve through which blood travels as it goes from the right atrium to the right ventricle

A

AV Valve (atrio-ventricular valve)

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7
Q

What does the AV valve on the right side of the heart prevent

A

Black flow of blood from the right ventricle to the right atrium

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8
Q

Blood travels to the lungs from the right ventricle through which blood vessel

A

Pulmonary artery

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9
Q

As blood travels from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery, name the valve that it passed through

A

Semi-lunar valve

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10
Q

What does the semi-lunar valve on the right side of the heart prevented

A

Back flowing blood from the pulmonary artery to the right ventricle

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11
Q

What does the blood travelling to the lungs from the pulmonary artery pick up at the lungs

A

Oxygen

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12
Q

What name is given to blood rich in oxygen

A

Oxygenated blood

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13
Q

What name is given to blood low on oxygen

A

Deoxygenated blood

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14
Q

Name the blood vessel that returns blood to the left atrium of the heart from the lungs

A

Pulmonary vein

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15
Q

Is the blood returning the left atrium oxygenated or deoxygenated

A

Oxygenated

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16
Q

What chamber does blood from the left atrium go to

A

Left ventricle

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17
Q

Name the valve present between the left atrium and left ventricle

A

AV valve

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18
Q

What does the AV valve on the left side of the heart prevent

A

Black flow of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium

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19
Q

Which ventricle wall is thicker and why

A

Left ventricle wall. It has to withstand the pressure of blood travelling to all round the body from here, whereas blood leaving from the right ventricle is only travelling a relatively short distance to the lungs, so it’s not under as much pressure

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20
Q

Blood travels from the left ventricle out of the heart through which blood vessel

A

Aorta

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21
Q

Name the valve presents between the aorta and the left ventricle

A

Semi-lunar valve

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22
Q

What does the semi lunar valve on the left side of the heart prevent

A

Black flow of blood from the aorta to the left ventricle

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23
Q

Name the two arteries associated with the heart

A

Pulmonary artery and aorta

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24
Q

Name the two veins associated with the heart

A

Vena cava and pulmonary vein

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25
What is unique about the pulmonary artery and pulmonary vein
They are the only artery and vein in the body that switches the rule regarding artistries carrying oxygenated blood and the veins carrying deoxygenated blood. PA carries deoxygenated blood and PV carries oxygenated blood
26
What is the other term for heart rate
Pulse
27
What units are used to measure heart rate/pulse
Beats per minute
28
What term is describes the volume of blood expelled by each ventricle on contractions
Stroke volume
29
What figure is given if the heart rate is multiplied by the stroke volume
Cardiac output
30
Use the triangle to calculate the cardiac output of a person whose heart rate is 70 beats per minute and the Stoke volume is 60ml
4200ml/min
31
Use the triangle to calculate the heart rate if someone with a cardiac output of 8400ml/min and a Stoke volume of 70 ml
120 beats per minute
32
Use the triangle to calculate the stroke volume of someone whose heart rate is 180 beats per minute and a cardiac output of 8400ml/min
80 ml
33
What name is given to the pattern of systole and diastole shown by the heart in one heartbeat
Cardiac cycle
34
What name is given to the relaxation of the heart
Diastole
35
What are the three stages to the cardiac cycle
Atrial systole Ventricular systole Atrial and ventricular diastole
36
Describe the state of atria, ventricles and the valves during atrial system
Atria contracting Ventricles relaxing AV valves opened SL valve shut
37
Describe the state of the atria, ventricles and valves during ventricular systole
Ventricles contracting Atria relaxing AV valves closed SL valves opened
38
Describe the state of the atria, ventricles and the valves during diastole
Atria and ventricles both relaxed SL valves closed AV valves just about open
39
Calculate the heart rate of someone with the following times in their cardiac cycle AS - 0.1s VS-0.3s D-0.4s
0.1+0.3+0.4 =0.8 for one heartbeat. 60/80 =75bpm. Heart rate is 75 beats per minute
40
What initiates the heartbeat
The SAN/Pacemaker
41
Where in the heart is the pacemaker/SAN located
The wall of the right atrium
42
When the pacemaker released an electrical impulse, what is first to contract
The atria (atrial systole)
43
When the atria contacts following electrical excitation, which node then picks this up
AV node
44
Where is the AV node located
The base of the atria
45
When the electrical impulses during conduction of the heart reach the AV node, where is the electrical impulses passed to
Along the conducting fibres to the apex of the heart
46
When the electrical impulses during conduction of the heart pass along the conducting fibres to the apex of the heart, what happens to the ventricles
They contract (ventricular systole)
47
What name is given to the two nerves of the autonomic nervous system
Parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves
48
What word is used to describe the fact that as one nerve of the autonomic nervous system has one effect on the body and the other nerve has the opposite effect
Antagonistic
49
Which nerve of the autonomic nervous system causes the heart rate to increase
Sympathetic nerve
50
Which nerve of the autonomic nervous system causes the heart rate to decrease
Parasympathetic nerve
51
Name the hormone that can increase the rate of the pacemaker
Adrenaline
52
Name the neurotransmitter released by the parasympathetic nerve
Acetylcholine
53
What is the blood pressure a measure of
The pressure exerted by the blood against your he walls of the blood vessels when the heart of undergoing systole and again during diastole
54
What is a typical blood pressure reading
120mmHg/80mmHg
55
What is the instrument used to measure blood pressure
Sphygmomanometer
56
In step one of using the sphygmomanometer, the cuff is inflated until the blood stops flowing in an artery. This will be detected when no pulse can be heard with a stethoscope. The cuff will then gradually be deflated to a blood through again. How will this be detected
The stethoscope will allow a pulse to be heard
57
What reading is first taken with a stethoscope when the pulse is heard for the first time during a blood pressure reading
Systole pressure
58
What reading is taken with a stethoscope when the pulse disappears after the systole pressure is taken
Diastolic pressure
59
What figures would indicate high blood pressure
140mmHg/90mmHg and anything over
60
what is another name for high blood pressure
Hypertension
61
What problems can hypertension cause later in life
Strokes and heart disease
62
What factors can contribute to high blood pressure
``` Being overweight Not doing enough exercise Consuming too much salt Drinking excessively on a regular basis Eating a diet rich in fat (especially animal fat) Stress ```
63
What name is given to the contraction of the heart
Systole
64
Name the neurotransmitter released by the sympathetic nerve
Noradrenaline

Unit 2: Higher Human Biology (8 decks)

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