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Unit 2: Higher Human Biology > U.2 K.A-6 Structure And Function Of The Heart > Flashcards

U.2 K.A-6 Structure And Function Of The Heart Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 4 chambers of the heart

A

Right atrium
Left atrium
Right ventricle
Left ventricle

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2
Q

Which type of blood vessel carries blood towards the heart

A

Veins

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3
Q

Which type of blood vessel carries blood away form the heart

A

Arteries

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4
Q

Name the blood vessel that carries deoxygenated blood from the body (one branch from the upper parts of the body and one branch from the lower half of the body) back to the heart and enters the right atrium

A

Vena cava

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5
Q

Name the chamber that blood travels to from the right atrium

A

Right ventricle

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6
Q

Name the valve through which blood travels as it goes from the right atrium to the right ventricle

A

AV Valve (atrio-ventricular valve)

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7
Q

What does the AV valve on the right side of the heart prevent

A

Black flow of blood from the right ventricle to the right atrium

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8
Q

Blood travels to the lungs from the right ventricle through which blood vessel

A

Pulmonary artery

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9
Q

As blood travels from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery, name the valve that it passed through

A

Semi-lunar valve

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10
Q

What does the semi-lunar valve on the right side of the heart prevented

A

Back flowing blood from the pulmonary artery to the right ventricle

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11
Q

What does the blood travelling to the lungs from the pulmonary artery pick up at the lungs

A

Oxygen

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12
Q

What name is given to blood rich in oxygen

A

Oxygenated blood

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13
Q

What name is given to blood low on oxygen

A

Deoxygenated blood

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14
Q

Name the blood vessel that returns blood to the left atrium of the heart from the lungs

A

Pulmonary vein

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15
Q

Is the blood returning the left atrium oxygenated or deoxygenated

A

Oxygenated

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16
Q

What chamber does blood from the left atrium go to

A

Left ventricle

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17
Q

Name the valve present between the left atrium and left ventricle

A

AV valve

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18
Q

What does the AV valve on the left side of the heart prevent

A

Black flow of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium

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19
Q

Which ventricle wall is thicker and why

A

Left ventricle wall. It has to withstand the pressure of blood travelling to all round the body from here, whereas blood leaving from the right ventricle is only travelling a relatively short distance to the lungs, so it’s not under as much pressure

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20
Q

Blood travels from the left ventricle out of the heart through which blood vessel

A

Aorta

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21
Q

Name the valve presents between the aorta and the left ventricle

A

Semi-lunar valve

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22
Q

What does the semi lunar valve on the left side of the heart prevent

A

Black flow of blood from the aorta to the left ventricle

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23
Q

Name the two arteries associated with the heart

A

Pulmonary artery and aorta

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24
Q

Name the two veins associated with the heart

A

Vena cava and pulmonary vein

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25
Q

What is unique about the pulmonary artery and pulmonary vein

A

They are the only artery and vein in the body that switches the rule regarding artistries carrying oxygenated blood and the veins carrying deoxygenated blood. PA carries deoxygenated blood and PV carries oxygenated blood

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26
Q

What is the other term for heart rate

27
Q

What units are used to measure heart rate/pulse

A

Beats per minute

28
Q

What term is describes the volume of blood expelled by each ventricle on contractions

A

Stroke volume

29
Q

What figure is given if the heart rate is multiplied by the stroke volume

A

Cardiac output

30
Q

Use the triangle to calculate the cardiac output of a person whose heart rate is 70 beats per minute and the Stoke volume is 60ml

A

4200ml/min

31
Q

Use the triangle to calculate the heart rate if someone with a cardiac output of 8400ml/min and a Stoke volume of 70 ml

A

120 beats per minute

32
Q

Use the triangle to calculate the stroke volume of someone whose heart rate is 180 beats per minute and a cardiac output of 8400ml/min

33
Q

What name is given to the pattern of systole and diastole shown by the heart in one heartbeat

A

Cardiac cycle

34
Q

What name is given to the relaxation of the heart

35
Q

What are the three stages to the cardiac cycle

A

Atrial systole
Ventricular systole
Atrial and ventricular diastole

36
Q

Describe the state of atria, ventricles and the valves during atrial system

A

Atria contracting
Ventricles relaxing
AV valves opened
SL valve shut

37
Q

Describe the state of the atria, ventricles and valves during ventricular systole

A

Ventricles contracting
Atria relaxing
AV valves closed
SL valves opened

38
Q

Describe the state of the atria, ventricles and the valves during diastole

A

Atria and ventricles both relaxed
SL valves closed
AV valves just about open

39
Q

Calculate the heart rate of someone with the following times in their cardiac cycle
AS - 0.1s VS-0.3s D-0.4s

A

0.1+0.3+0.4 =0.8 for one heartbeat.
60/80 =75bpm.
Heart rate is 75 beats per minute

40
Q

What initiates the heartbeat

A

The SAN/Pacemaker

41
Q

Where in the heart is the pacemaker/SAN located

A

The wall of the right atrium

42
Q

When the pacemaker released an electrical impulse, what is first to contract

A

The atria (atrial systole)

43
Q

When the atria contacts following electrical excitation, which node then picks this up

44
Q

Where is the AV node located

A

The base of the atria

45
Q

When the electrical impulses during conduction of the heart reach the AV node, where is the electrical impulses passed to

A

Along the conducting fibres to the apex of the heart

46
Q

When the electrical impulses during conduction of the heart pass along the conducting fibres to the apex of the heart, what happens to the ventricles

A

They contract (ventricular systole)

47
Q

What name is given to the two nerves of the autonomic nervous system

A

Parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves

48
Q

What word is used to describe the fact that as one nerve of the autonomic nervous system has one effect on the body and the other nerve has the opposite effect

A

Antagonistic

49
Q

Which nerve of the autonomic nervous system causes the heart rate to increase

A

Sympathetic nerve

50
Q

Which nerve of the autonomic nervous system causes the heart rate to decrease

A

Parasympathetic nerve

51
Q

Name the hormone that can increase the rate of the pacemaker

A

Adrenaline

52
Q

Name the neurotransmitter released by the parasympathetic nerve

A

Acetylcholine

53
Q

What is the blood pressure a measure of

A

The pressure exerted by the blood against your he walls of the blood vessels when the heart of undergoing systole and again during diastole

54
Q

What is a typical blood pressure reading

A

120mmHg/80mmHg

55
Q

What is the instrument used to measure blood pressure

A

Sphygmomanometer

56
Q

In step one of using the sphygmomanometer, the cuff is inflated until the blood stops flowing in an artery. This will be detected when no pulse can be heard with a stethoscope. The cuff will then gradually be deflated to a blood through again. How will this be detected

A

The stethoscope will allow a pulse to be heard

57
Q

What reading is first taken with a stethoscope when the pulse is heard for the first time during a blood pressure reading

A

Systole pressure

58
Q

What reading is taken with a stethoscope when the pulse disappears after the systole pressure is taken

A

Diastolic pressure

59
Q

What figures would indicate high blood pressure

A

140mmHg/90mmHg and anything over

60
Q

what is another name for high blood pressure

A

Hypertension

61
Q

What problems can hypertension cause later in life

A

Strokes and heart disease

62
Q

What factors can contribute to high blood pressure

A 
Being overweight 
Not doing enough exercise 
Consuming too much salt
Drinking excessively on a regular basis 
Eating a diet rich in fat (especially animal fat) 
Stress
63
Q

What name is given to the contraction of the heart

64
Q

Name the neurotransmitter released by the sympathetic nerve

A

Noradrenaline

Unit 2: Higher Human Biology (8 decks)

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