U.2 K.A-5 Structure And Function Of Arteries, Capillaries And Veins Flashcards
Which 3 parts make up the cardiovascular system
Blood, blood vessels and heart
What name is given to the area in a blood vessel that the blood flows through
Lumen
What name is given to the lining of the lumen
Endothelium
What are the 5 types of blood vessels
Arteries, arterioles, capillaries, veins, venules
Which type of blood vessels carries blood at high pressure away from the heart
Arteries
Which type of blood vessel carries blood at lower pressure towards the heart
Veins
Which type of blood vessel links arteries to capillaries
Arterioles
Which type of blood vessel links veins to capillaries
Venules
Name 3 structural differences between an artery and veins
Arteries have thick muscular wall and veins have a thinner muscular wall.
Arteries don’t have valves but veins do have valves.
Arteries have a narrow lumen and veins have a wider lumen.
What name is given to the process where arterioles can narrow
Vasoconstriction
What name is given to the process where arterioles can widen
Vasodilation
Which blood vessels are known as the exchange vessels
Capillaries
Which substance consists of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets bathed in plasma
Blood
What substances are dissolved in plasma
Glucose, amino acids, useful ions and oxygen
When blood plasma leaks out of the capillaries it is known as what
Tissue fluid
In what way is tissue fluid different from blood plasma
Tissue fluid does not contain plasma proteins
Why does tissue fluid not contain proteins
It is too big to pass through the walls of the capillaries
Name some materials that are delivered to the cells via tissue fluid
Glucose, amino acid, oxygen and hormones
Name a waste gas that is removed from the cells via tissue fluid
Carbon dioxide
Name the two ways in which tissue fluid is returned to the circulatory system
By osmosis directly into the capillaries as tissue fluid has a higher water concentration compared to blood plasma.
It can also pass into the lymphatic system
What is tissue fluid known as when in the lymph vessels of the lymphatic system
Lymph
What is the lymphatic system
A series of vessels that carry lymph fluid derived from blood that eventually returns the lymph to the bloodstream
How does the lymph eventually drain back into the circulatory system
Be being compressed as the body moves and passed along the lymphatic system and eventually then drains into two veins coming from the arms
If lymph is prevented from draining back into the lymphatic system because of parasites invading the system, then this results in a condition where fluid gathers in excessive amounts in the tissue, what is this condition
Elephantits
Malnutrition can cause fluid to gather in the abdomen because there is no difference in the water concentrations of tissue fluid and blood plasma, name this condition
Kwashiorkor
