U2: 14- Structure And Function Of The Heart

Question 1

Name the 4 chambers of the heart.

Answer 1

• right atrium
• right ventricle
• left atrium
• left ventricle

Question 2

Which type of blood vessel carries blood towards the heart?

Answer 2

Veins

Question 3

Which type of blood vessel carries blood away from the heart?

Answer 3

Arteries

Question 4

Name the blood vessel that carries deoxygenated blood from the body (one branch from the upper parts of the body and one branch from the lower parts of the body) back to the heart and enters the right atrium?

Answer 4

Vena cava

Question 5

Name the chamber that blood travels to from the right atrium.

Answer 5

Right ventricle

Question 6

Name the valve through which blood travels as it goes from the right atrium to the right ventricle.

Answer 6

AV Valve (atrio-ventricular valve)

Question 7

What does the AV valve on the right side of the heart prevent?

Answer 7

Backflow of blood from the right ventricle to the right atrium

Question 8

Blood travels to the lungs from the right ventricle through which blood vessel?

Answer 8

Pulmonary Artery

Question 9

As blood travels from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery, name the valve that it passes through.

Answer 9

Semi-lunar valve

Question 10

What does the semi-lunar valve on the right side of the heart prevent?

Answer 10

Backflow of blood from the pulmonary artery to the right ventricle

Question 11

What does blood travelling to the lungs from the pulmonary artery pick up at the lungs?

Answer 11

Oxygen

Question 12

What name is given to blood rich in oxygen?

Answer 12

Oxygenated blood

Question 13

What name is given to blood low in oxygen?

Answer 13

Deoxygenated blood

Question 14

Name the blood vessel that returns blood to the left atrium of the heart from the lungs.

Answer 14

Pulmonary vein

Question 15

Is the blood returning to the left atrium oxygenated or deoxygenated?

Answer 15

Oxygenated

Question 16

What chamber does blood from the left atrium go to?

Answer 16

Left ventricle

Question 17

Name the valve present between the left atrium and the left ventricle.

Answer 17

AV valve

Question 18

What does the AV valve on the left side of the heart prevent?

Answer 18

Backflow of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium

Question 19

Which ventricle wall is thicker and why?

Answer 19

Left ventricle wall. It has to withstand the pressure of blood travelling to all round the body from here, whereas blood leaving from the right ventricle is only travelling a relatively short distance to the lungs so is not under as much pressure.

Question 20

Blood travels from the left ventricle out of the heart through which blood vessel?

Answer 20

Aorta

Question 21

Name the valve present between the aorta and the left ventricle.

Answer 21

Semi-lunar valve

Question 22

What does the semi-lunar valve on the left side of the heart prevent?

Answer 22

Backflow of blood from the aorta to the left ventricle

Question 23

Name the two veins associated with the heart.

Answer 23

Vena cava and pulmonary vein

Question 24

Name the two arteries associated with the heart.

Answer 24

Pulmonary artery and aorta

Question 25

What is unique about the pulmonary artery and pulmonary vein?

Answer 25

They are the only artery and vein in the body that switches the rule regarding arteries carrying oxygenated blood and veins carrying deoxygenated blood. PA carries deoxygenated blood and PV carries oxygenated blood.

Question 26

What is the other term for heart rate?

Answer 26

Pulse

Question 27

What units are used to measure heart rate/pulse?

Answer 27

Beats per minute

Question 28

What is stroke volume?

Answer 28

The volume of blood expelled by each ventricle on contraction

Question 29

What figure is given if the heart rate is multiplied by the stroke volume?

Answer 29

Cardiac output

Question 30

What is the cardiac output equation?

Answer 30

CO = HR x SV

Question 31

What name is given to the pattern of systole and diastole shown by the heart in one heartbeat?

Answer 31

Cardiac cycle

Question 32

What name is given to the contraction of the heart?

Answer 32

Systole

Question 33

What name is given to the relaxation of the heart?

Answer 33

Diastole

Question 34

What are the three stages to the cardiac cycle?

Answer 34

Atrial systole, ventricular systole, (atrial and ventricular) diastole

Question 35

Describe the state of the atria, ventricles, and valves during atrial systole.

Answer 35

* atria contracting * ventricles relaxing * AV valves open * SL valves shut

Question 36

Describe the state of the atria, ventricles, and valves during ventricular systole.

Answer 36

* atria relaxing * ventricles contracting * AV valves closed * SL valves open

Question 37

Describe the state of the atria, ventricles, and valves during diastole.

Answer 37

* atria & ventricles relaxed * AV valves about to open * SL valves closed

Question 38

How do you work out someone’s heart rate if you are given the time each stage of the cardiac cycle takes?

Answer 38

* add the 3 times together | * divide 60 by this ⬆️ answer

Question 39

What does ECG stand for?

Answer 39

Electrocardiogram

Question 40

What does the P wave represent on an ECG?

Answer 40

The atria contracting (atrial systole)

Question 41

What does the QRS wave represent on an ECG?

Answer 41

The ventricles contracting (ventricular systole)

Question 42

What does the T wave represent on an ECG?

Answer 42

The atria & ventricles relaxing (diastole)

Question 43

What initiates the heartbeat?

Answer 43

The SAN/sino-atrial node/pacemaker

Question 44

Where in the heart is the SAN located?

Answer 44

The wall of the right atrium

Question 45

When the SAN releases an electrical impulse what is first to contract?

Answer 45

The atria (atrial systole)

Question 46

When the atria contract following electrical excitation which node picks this up?

Answer 46

Atrioventricular node/AV node

Question 47

Where is the AV node located?

Answer 47

The base of the atria

Question 48

When the electrical impulses during conduction of the heart reach the AV node where is the electrical impulse passed to?

Answer 48

Along two conducting fibres to the apex of the heart

Question 49

When the electrical impulses during conduction of the heart pass along the conducting fibres to the apex of the heart what happens to the ventricles?

Answer 49

They contract (ventricular systole)

Question 50

What name is given to the two nerves of the autonomic nervous system?

Answer 50

Parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves

Question 51

What word is used to describe the fact that as one nerve of the autonomic nervous system has one effect on the body the other nerve has the opposite effect?

Answer 51

Antagonistic

Question 52

Which nerve of the autonomic nervous system causes the heart rate to increase?

Answer 52

Sympathetic nerve

Question 53

Which nerve of the autonomic nervous system causes the heart rate to decrease?

Answer 53

Parasympathetic nerve

Question 54

Name the hormone that can increase the rate of the pacemaker.

Answer 54

Adrenaline

Question 55

Name the neurotransmitter released by the sympathetic nerve.

Answer 55

Noradrenaline

Question 56

Name the neurotransmitter released by the parasympathetic nerve.

Answer 56

Acetylcholine

Question 57

What is the blood pressure a measure of?

Answer 57

The pressure exerted by the blood against the walls of the blood vessels when the heart is undergoing systole and again during diastole.

Question 58

What is a typical blood pressure reading?

Answer 58

120mmHg/80mmHg

Question 59

What is the instrument used to measure blood pressure?

Answer 59

Sphygmomanometer

Question 60

In step one of using the sphygmomanometer, the cuff is inflated until the blood stops flowing in an artery. This will be detected when no pulse can be heard with a stethoscope. The cuff will then gradually be deflated to allow blood through again. How will this be detected?

Answer 60

The stethoscope will allow a pulse to be heard

Question 61

What reading is first taken with a stethoscope when the pulse is heard for the first time during a blood pressure reading?

Answer 61

Systolic pressure

Question 62

What reading is taken with a stethoscope when the pulse disappears after the systolic pressure is taken?

Answer 62

Diastolic pressure

Question 63

What figures would indicate high blood pressure?

Answer 63

140mmHg/90mmHg and anything over

Question 64

What is the other name for high blood pressure?

Answer 64

Hypertension

Question 65

What problems can hypertension cause later in life?

Answer 65

Strokes and heart disease

Question 66

What factors can contribute to high blood pressure?

Answer 66

* being overweight * not taking enough exercise * consuming too much salt * drinking excessively on a regular basis * eating a diet rich in fat (especially animal fat) * stress