U2: 13- Structure And Function Of Arteries, Capillaries And Veins

Question 1

Which 3 parts make up the cardiovascular system?

Answer 1

Blood, blood vessels and heart

Question 2

What name is given to the area in a blood vessel that the blood flows through?

Answer 2

Lumen

Question 3

What name is given to the lining of the lumen?

Answer 3

Endothelium

Question 4

What are the five types of blood vessels?

Answer 4

• arteries
• arterioles
• capillaries
• venules
• veins

Question 5

Which type of blood vessel carries blood at high pressure away from the heart?

Answer 5

Arteries

Question 6

Which type of blood vessel carries blood at lower pressure towards the heart?

Answer 6

Veins

Question 7

Which type of blood vessel links arteries to capillaries?

Answer 7

Arterioles

Question 8

Which type of blood vessel links veins to capillaries?

Answer 8

Venules

Question 9

Name 3 structural differences between an artery and veins.

Answer 9

• arteries have a thick muscular wall and veins have a thinner muscular wall
• arteries don’t have valves but veins do have valves
• arteries have a narrow lumen and veins have a wider lumen

Question 10

What name is given to the process where arterioles can narrow?

Answer 10

Vasoconstriction

Question 11

What name is given to the process where arterioles can widen?

Answer 11

Vasodilation

Question 12

Which blood vessels are known as the exchange vessels?

Answer 12

Capillaries

Question 13

What does blood consist of?

Answer 13

Red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets bathed in plasma

Question 14

What substances are dissolved in plasma?

Answer 14

Glucose, amino acids, oxygen, useful ions

Question 15

When blood plasma leaks out of the capillaries it is known as what?

Answer 15

Tissue fluid

Question 16

In what way is tissue fluid different from blood plasma?

Answer 16

Tissue fluid does not contain plasma proteins

Question 17

Why does tissue fluid not contain protein?

Answer 17

It is too big to pass through the walls of the capillaries

Question 18

Name some materials that are delivered to the cells via tissue fluid.

Answer 18

Glucose, amino acids, oxygen, hormones

Question 19

Name a waste gas that is removed from the cells via tissue fluid.

Answer 19

Carbon dioxide

Question 20

Name the two ways in which tissue fluid is returned to the circulatory system.

Answer 20

• by osmosis directly into the capillaries as tissue fluid has a higher water concentration compared to blood plasma
• it can also pass into the lymphatic system

Question 21

What is tissue fluid known as when in the lymph vessels of the lymphatic system?

Answer 21

Lymph

Question 22

What is the lymphatic system?

Answer 22

A series of vessels that carry lymph fluid derived from blood that eventually returns the lymph to the bloodstream

Question 23

How does lymph eventually drain back into the circulatory system?

Answer 23

By being compressed as the body moves and passed along the lymphatic system and eventually then drains into two veins coming from the arms

Question 24

If lymph is prevented from draining back into the lymphatic system because of parasites invading the system then this results in a condition where fluid gathers in excessive amounts in the tissue. What is this condition?

Answer 24

Elephantiasis

Question 25

Malnutrition can cause fluid to gather in the abdomen because there is no difference in the water concentration of tissue fluid and blood plasma. Name this condition.

Answer 25

Kwashiorkor