U1: 6- Metabolic Pathways Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

What name is given to the thousands of biochemical reactions that occur in living cells?

A

Metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The quantity of energy consumed by an organism per unit time is a measure of what rate?

A

Metabolic rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Name two types of metabolic pathway.

A

Anabolic pathway and catabolic pathway

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which type of metabolic pathway involves the breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones?

A

Catabolic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which type of metabolic pathway involves the build-up of complex molecules from simpler ones?

A

Anabolic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which type of metabolic pathway releases energy as it is breaking complex molecules down?

A

Catabolic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which type of metabolic pathway requires energy as it builds up small molecules to complex molecules?

A

Anabolic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

In a metabolic pathway what do the two opposing arrows mean?

A

The reaction is reversible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Metabolic reactions sometimes have places where steps can be bypassed, what are these pathways known as?

A

Alternative routes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Give three properties of a catalyst.

A
  • lowers the activation energy
  • remains unchanged at the end
  • increases the rate of reaction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What name is given to biological catalysts?

A

Enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What state is reached when two reactants have bonds broken and they are in a position that is unstable and ready to form a product?

A

Transition state

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What substance are enzymes made from?

A

Protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What name is given to the area on an enzyme that meets with the substrate?

A

Active site

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What determines the shape of the active site?

A

The sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide that makes up the enzyme molecule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Give the word that is used to describe the fact that one enzyme fits one substrate.

A

Specific

17
Q

Give the term that is used to describe the fact that the active site has a strong attraction for the substrate.

A

High affinity

18
Q

Once the enzyme has broken the substrate down/built it up and formed the product, how is the attraction for the active site described?

A

Low affinity

19
Q

In order for the enzyme’s active site to fit the substrate more closely, the shape of the active site and enzyme change slightly. What is this called?

A

Induced fit

20
Q

Fill in the missing gap: The shape of the active site determines the … of reactants.

A

Orientation

21
Q

In an enzyme controlled reaction the reaction rate will increase as the substrate concentration increases up until a certain point. After that the rate of reaction does not increase, why is this?

A

Because all of the active sites on the enzyme are occupied

22
Q

What can be done to increase the rate of an enzyme controlled reaction once all of the active sites on the enzyme are occupied and substrate has already been increased?

A

Add more of the enzyme to the reaction

23
Q

What name is given to a substance that decreases the rate of an enzyme controlled reaction?

A

An inhibitor

24
Q

Name two types of inhibitor.

A

Competitive inhibitor and non-competitive inhibitor

25
Q

Which inhibitor binds to the active site and competes with the substrate in an enzyme controlled reaction?

A

Competitive inhibitor

26
Q

Why is the competitive inhibitor able to join to the active site of an enzyme?

A

Because it has a similar shape to the substrate

27
Q

What happens to the rate of reaction in an enzyme controlled reaction that is affected by a competitive inhibitor?

A

Decreases the rate of reaction but doesn’t stop it altogether because the substrate can still bind sometimes

28
Q

How could the effects of a competitive inhibitor be reversed?

A

Increase the substrate concentration

29
Q

Where does a non-competitive inhibitor bind to?

A

An allosteric site (site away from the active site)

30
Q

What does a non-competitive inhibitor do to the shape of an enzyme active site?

A

Changes the shape of the active site

31
Q

Why does a reaction affected by a non-competitive inhibitor stop altogether?

A

Because the shape of the active site has changed permanently and it no longer recognises the substrate

32
Q

When an end product is made in a metabolic pathway some of the product goes back and inhibits an enzyme at the start of the pathway, what is this called?

A

End product inhibition