U1: 7- Cellular Respiration

Question 1

What name is given to the series of metabolic pathways that brings about the release of energy from a foodstuff and the regeneration of ATP?

Answer 1

Respiration

Question 2

A molecule of ATP is composed of what two components?

Answer 2

Adenosine and three molecules of inorganic phosphate

Question 3

When ATP breaks down what is formed?

Answer 3

ADP and Pi

Question 4

What is released during the breaking of the terminal bond in ATP?

Answer 4

Energy

Question 5

Name 3 processes in the body that require ATP.

Answer 5

• muscle contraction
• nerve impulses
• protein synthesis

Question 6

What name is given to the process by which phosphate is added to ADP?

Answer 6

Phosphorylation

Question 7

Name the 3 stages in respiration.

Answer 7

• glycolysis
• citric acid cycle
• electron transport chain

Question 8

Name the two phases of glycolysis.

Answer 8

Energy investment phase and energy payoff phase

Question 9

Where in the cell does glycolysis take place?

Answer 9

Cytoplasm

Question 10

How many ATPs need to be invested in the energy investment phase of glycolysis?

Answer 10

2ATPs

Question 11

How many ATPs are made during the energy payoff phase to give a net gain of 2ATPs?

Answer 11

4ATPs

Question 12

What enzymes remove hydrogen ions and electrons from glucose?

Answer 12

Dehydrogenase enzymes

Question 13

Name the coenzyme molecule that acts as a carrier of the hydrogen ions and electrons.

Answer 13

NAD

Question 14

What does NAD become when H+ ions and electrons are picked up by it?

Answer 14

NADH

Question 15

Where are all the H+ ions and electrons taken to by the NADH?

Answer 15

The electron transport chain

Question 16

Is oxygen required for glycolysis?

Answer 16

No

Question 17

Under what conditions will the next stage, the citric acid cycle, take place?

Answer 17

Oxygen must be present

Question 18

What is the final product of glycolysis that passes to the citric acid cycle?

Answer 18

Pyruvate

Question 19

Where does pyruvate diffuse into to take part in the citric acid cycle?

Answer 19

The central matrix of the mitochondria

Question 20

What does pyruvate combine with to form citrate in the citric acid cycle?

Answer 20

Oxaloacetate

Question 21

What do dehydrogenase enzymes do during the citric acid cycle?

Answer 21

Remove hydrogen ions and electrons

Question 22

What gas is released as a waste gas during the citric acid cycle?

Answer 22

Carbon dioxide

Question 23

What does citrate break down into during the citric acid cycle?

Answer 23

Oxaloacetate

Question 24

Name the carrier that transports the hydrogen ions and electrons to the 3rd stage of respiration.

Answer 24

NAD

Question 25

How many ATPs are made during the citric acid cycle?

Answer 25

1ATP

Question 26

What does the electron transport chain consist of?

Answer 26

A series of electron acceptors

Question 27

What is used to pump hydrogen ions across the inner membrane of the mitochondria?

Answer 27

Electrons

Question 28

There is enough energy released to drive the reaction between ADP and Pi how many times?

Answer 28

35

Question 29

Which enzyme is used to join ADP and Pi together during the electron transport chain?

Answer 29

ATP synthase

Question 30

What is the name of the final electron acceptor?

Answer 30

Oxygen

Question 31

Whenever hydrogen ions combine with oxygen during the electron transport chain what is formed?

Answer 31

Water

Question 32

Is oxygen needed for the electron transport chain?

Answer 32

Yes because it acts as the final electron acceptor

Question 33

Name some energy requiring processes in the body.

Answer 33

• nerve impulses
• protein synthesis
• muscle contraction

Question 34

Why is it that at any given time the body has a fairly constant amount of ATP, some 50g, yet it is constantly being made?

Answer 34

It is being broken down just as fast as it is being made