U1L3-Cell Structure & Function Flashcards
T or F
All cells have the same structure and functions
False
T or F
Prokaryotes do not have a nucleus.
True
T or F
Plant cells are the same as animal cells.
False
T or F
All organisms are multicellular.
False
What does chloro stand for?
Green
What does plast stand for?
Structure
Chloroplast
part of plant cells that contain a green pigment used for making their own food
How does a prokaryote differ from a eukaryote?
- they are only single celled organisms
2. do not have a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles
How do Eukaryotic cells differ from each other?
They differ based on structure and function.
What do all eukaryotic cells share in common?
- They all have a nucleus
- They all have membrane bound organelles
- They all have parts that protect and support the cell
Every cell is surrounded by _________.
Cell Membrane
What is the function of a cell membrane?
- Act as a barrier between the inside of a cell and the cells environment
- protects the cell and regulates what enter and leaves the cell
The region between the cell membrane and the nucleus
cytoskeleton
Cytoskeleton
- network of protein filaments that gives shape and support to cells
- involved in cell division & movement
- may help cell to move
organelle in eukaryotic cells that contains the cell’s genetic material
nucleus
What is stored in the nucleus
Deoxyribonucleic acid
What is DNA?
genetic material that contains information needed for cell processes
What performs most actions of the cell?
proteins
Are proteins made in the nucleus?
No. Although DNA is found in the nucleus, proteins are not made there. The instructions for how to make proteins are stored in DNA. These instructions are sent out of the nucleus through pores in the nuclear membrane.
Nuclear membrane
double layer
each layer is similar in structure to the cell membrane
Cells get energy by breaking down food using what process
cellular respiration
Where does cellular respiration occur?
Mitochondria
How does cellular respiration occur?
- cells use oxygen to release energy stored in food
- the mitochondria then transfer the energy released from the sugar to a molecule called adenosine triphosphate, or ATP
Cells use _____ to carry out cell processes.
ATP
Describe the structure of the mitochondria
- They have their own DNA
- two cell membranes
- outer membrane is smooth
- inner membrane has many folds
What is the function of the folds?
folds increase the surface area inside the mitochondria.
The organelle that makes proteins by putting together chains of amino acids using instructions encoded in the cell’s DNA.
Ribosomes
Are ribosomes not enclosed in membranes?
No
How are ribosomes structurally different in prokaryotes vs. eukaryotes?
in prokaryotes, the ribosomes are suspended freely in the cytoplasm, in eukaryotes, some ribosomes are free, and others are attached to another organelle called the endoplasmic reticulucm
A system of membranes near the nucleus that assists in the production, processing and transport of proteins and production of lipids
endoplasmic reticulum
What are the different types of ER?
smooth or rough
What are the functions of the ER?
- assists in the production, processing and transport of proteins
- production of lipids
What is the function of the ribosomes on the rough ER?
to make protein
What is the function of the smooth ER?
makes lipids & breaks down toxic materials that could damage the cells
The membrane-bound organelle that packages and distributes materials, such as proteins
Golgi complex
Who was the Golgi Complex named after?
Camillo Golgi
Describe how the Golgi Complex functions.
Lipids & proteins from the ER are delivered to the Golgi complex where they may be modified to do different jobs. Final products are enclosed in a piece of the Golgi complex’s membrane. This membrane pinches off to form a small bubble, or vesicle. The vesicle transports its content to other parts of the cell or out of the cell.
provides support and protection to the plant cell
cell wall
A fluid filled vesicle found in the cells of most animals, plants, and fungi.
Vacuole
Plant cells have a large _________ that stores water.
Central Vacuole
Organelles where photosynthesis occurs
chloroplasts
What is photosynthesis?
process by which cells use sunlight, carbon dioxide and water to make sugar and oxygen
Why are chloroplasts green?
contains a green pigment called chlorophyll
What is the function of chlorophyll?
absorbs energy in sunlight
What happens to the energy made by chlorophyll?
energy is used to make sugar, which is then used by mitochondria to make ATP.
How many membranes do the chloroplasts have?
two
What additional part is found in the animal cells?
lysosomes
Lysosome
Contain digestive enzymes which break down worn-out or damaged organelles, waste materials, and foreign invaders in the cell. Lysosomes attach to the vacuole and releases the digestive enzymes
contains the genetic material
nucleus
processes and transports proteins and makes lipids
endoplasmic reticulum
packages and distributes materials within or out of the cell
Golgi complex
makes proteins
ribosomes
uses sunlight, CO2, and H2O to make food by photosynthesis
chloroplast
breaks down food molecules to release energy by cellular respiration
mitochondria
stores water and helps give shape to the cell
large central vacuole
produces enzymes that digest wastes, cell parts, and foreign invaders
lysosome
what structures are found in plant cells and not in animal cells?
large central vacuole
chloroplast
cell wall
