Science U1 L5 Homeostasis & Cell Processes Flashcards
what does the word part photo mean?
light
what does the word part synthesis mean?
to make
Homeostasis
the maintenance of a constant internal state in a changing environment
What are the four things that cells can do to maintain homeostasis?
- obtain & use energy
- make new cells
- exchange materials
- eliminate wastes
Describe one way that unicellular organisms can maintain homeostasis.
the cell membrane and other parts of the cell regulate what materials get into and out of the cell.
How do the multicellular organisms differ in the way that they must maintain homeostasis?
the cells must work together to maintain homeostasis for the entire organisms
Give an example of how multicellular organisms work together to maintain homeostasis.
Cardiovascular system (heart, blood vessels, blood) or plants have two types of vascular tissue that work together to transport system (Xylem & phloem)
Xylem
tissue that transports water and minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant
Phloem
transports food made within plant cells
What do cells need in order to perform cell functions?
energy
The process in which plants, algae and some bacteria make their own food is called what?
photosynthesis
Where does photosynthesis take place in the cell?
chloroplasts
the process by which cells use oxygen to produce energy from food is called what?
cellular respiration
plants, animals, and most other organisms use what to get energy from food?
cellular respiration
Nearly all oxygen around us is made by what?
photosynthesis
Cellular respiration produces which two byproducts?
oxygen and carbon dioxide
How are photosynthesis and cellular respiration linked?
Oxygen is made by photosynthesis and animals & plants use oxygen during cel resp to break down food. CO2 is also produced by photosynthesis and is used in cel resp to make sugars
__(a)__ + CO2 =(with sunlight) __(b)__ + oxygen
(c) what is the name of this process?
a-water
b-sugar
c-photosynthesis
sugar + __(a)__ = water + __(b)__ + energy
(c) what is the name of this process?
a-oxygen
b-CO2
c-cellular respiration
water + (a) =(with sunlight) sugar + (b)
(c) what is the name of this process?
a-CO2
b-oxygen
c-photosynthesis
__(a)__ + oxygen = __(b)__ + CO2 + __(c)__
(d) what is the name of this process?
a- sugar
b- water
c- energy
d-cellular respiration
Describe the process of cell division in eukaryotes
- DNA is packaged up into chromosomes
- equal numbers of chromosomes are separated
- nucleus splits to form two identical nuclei (mitosis)
- the rest of the cell divides
how do new cells in plants form?
a cell pate forms and the cell splits into two cells
how do new animal cells in animals form?
the cell membrane pinches inward through the cell to form two new cells
the exchange of materials between a cell and its environment takes place where?
cell membrane
what characteristic of the cell membrane allows only certain particles to cross into our out of the cell?
semi-permeable
in eukaryotic cells, a process of cell division that forms two new nuclei, each of which has the same number of chromosomes
mitosis
the movement of particles across a cell membrane without the use of energy by the cell
passive transport
the movement of molecules from high concentrations to low concentrations
diffusion
The diffusion of water through a semi permeable membrane
osmosis
diffusion
the movement of molecules from high concentrations to low concentrations
passive transport
the movement of particles across a cell membrane without the use of energy by the cell
osmosis
The diffusion of water through a semi permeable membrane
Does it usually require energy for something to move from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration
no
Does it typically require energy for materials to move from areas of low concentration to higher concentration?
yes
the movement of particles against a concentration gradient
Active transport
Some large particle that do not fit through the protein channels may require active transport across cell membranes by a process called _______ & _______.
endocytosis & exocytosis
endocytosis
process by which a cell uses energy to surround a particle and enclose the particle in a vesicle to bring the particle into the cell
Vesicles
sacs formed from pieces of the cell membranes
exocytosis
when particles are enclosed in a vesicle and released from a cell (opposite of endocytosis)
Food is made during __(a)__. Energy is produced from food during __(b)__.
a-photosynthesis
b-cellular respiration
_______ uses energy to release particles from a cell
Active transport
the change in leaf color on trees is one way the trees can maintain _____?
homeostasis (the leaved drop off so that the branches can retain more water, chlorophyll breaks down close to autumn
Hod do you think the change in chlorophyll levels is a response to changes in the length of day from summer to fall?
The days in the summer are longer than the days in the fall. In the summer they get more pigments because of more energy.
